Oscinella frit Linnaeus is primarily found in North China, Northwest China, and Inner Mongolia, where it causes significant damage to wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The larvae invade the heart leaves and young shoots of the plants, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield. In particular, wheat crops in Xinjiang suffer more severe infestations.
Adults are small, measuring 1.5 to 2 mm in length, with a black, shiny body. They have yellow halteres, black segments on their legs, brown-yellow ganglia, and a dark middle section on their hind feet. The eggs are white, oval-shaped, and about 0.5 mm in size. Larvae are yellowish-white, covered with small bumps (verrucose), approximately 4.5 mm long, with two short projections at both ends and visible mouthparts. Pupae are tan, around 3 mm in length.
In the northwestern region, Oscinella frit completes 1 to 3 generations per year. The larvae overwinter in winter wheat seedlings. By mid-April, pupae begin to emerge from straw, and adults start to appear by late April. In Urumqi, the first generation of adults lays eggs on both winter and spring wheat, causing damage mainly to the main stems of spring wheat. Eggs are laid in clusters within the inner leaves near the leaf sheath. The second generation develops on grassy weeds, while the third generation's larvae attack early-sown winter wheat in late August. From September to October, the main stems of winter wheat are damaged, resulting in yellowing leaves or weak tillers, after which the larvae prepare for winter.
For control, agricultural practices play an important role. After wheat harvest, plowing the fields helps destroy crop residues and encourages germination of fallen grains, which can attract and trap adult flies. These trapped adults are then removed in autumn. Chemical control is also effective. A 50% methyl parathion emulsifiable concentrate diluted 2000 times can be applied when wheat seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, during the peak adult emergence period. A second application should be made every 6 to 7 days. Alternatively, 2.5% trichlorfon powder or 0.04% insecticide powder can be evenly sprayed over 666.7 square meters to achieve good pest management results. Integrated approaches combining cultural and chemical methods are recommended for optimal control.
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