Oscinella frit Linnaeus is primarily found in northern China, northwest China, and Inner Mongolia. This pest mainly affects wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The larvae infest the heart leaves and young shoots of the plants, causing significant damage. In particular, wheat crops in Xinjiang suffer more severe losses due to this pest.
Adults are small, measuring 1.5 to 2 mm in length, with a black, shiny body. They have a yellow halter (balance stick), black segments on their legs, brown-yellow ganglia and nodes, and the middle part of the hind tarsus is black. The eggs are white, oval-shaped, and approximately 0.5 mm in size. Larvae are pale yellowish-white, covered with small bumps (verrucose), about 4.5 mm long, with two short projections at both ends and visible spiracles. Pupae are tan, around 3 mm in length.
In the northwestern region, Oscinella frit completes 1 to 3 generations per year. The larvae overwinter in winter wheat seedlings. By mid-April, pupae begin to emerge from the straw, and by late April, adults start to appear. In Urumqi, the first generation of adults lays eggs on both winter and spring wheat, causing damage to the main stems of spring wheat. Eggs are usually laid in the inner parts of the leaves near the leaf sheath. The second generation develops on grassy weeds, while the third generation of larvae attacks early-sown winter wheat at the end of August. From September to October, the main stems of winter wheat are damaged, leading to yellowing leaves, reduced tillering, and the larvae then go into winter dormancy.
For control, several methods can be used:
1. **Agricultural Practices**: After harvesting wheat, plow the fields to allow fallen grains to germinate, which can attract adult flies. Then, remove the sprouted plants in autumn to reduce the population.
2. **Chemical Control**: Apply a 50% methyl parathion EC solution diluted 2000 times when wheat seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves. Spray during the peak adult emergence period, and repeat every 6 to 7 days. Alternatively, use 2.5% trichlorfon powder or 0.04% insecticide powder, evenly applied per 666.7 square meters, for effective control.
These measures, when implemented correctly, can significantly reduce the impact of Oscinella frit on wheat production in affected regions.
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