Potato cultivation using small sheds can typically begin just before or after the harvest in late March of the following year. Compared to open-field cultivation, potatoes grown under sheds can be harvested about 20 days earlier. Farmers can expect a net income of between 800 to 1200 yuan per mu, making this method both efficient and profitable.
To achieve early harvests, special early-maturing varieties such as Dongnong 303 are often selected. This variety takes approximately 80 days from emergence to harvesting. It has strong growth potential, with oblong-shaped tubers that are yellow in color. The skin is smooth, the flesh is dense, and the buds are shallow. The tubers are medium-sized, uniform, and well-formed, making them ideal for early vegetable potato production. Their high quality ensures good market demand.
For site selection, well-drained rice fields are preferred, although even slightly wet soils can be used. After the late rice harvest, the land is plowed and tilled. On sunny days, ash is applied, and ditches are dug. The ridges are 1.3 meters wide and 0.5 meters high, with neat and consistent spacing. A planting ditch is then opened with a 45 cm line spacing and a depth of 12 cm.
Seed potatoes are sown in mid-November when the soil is dry. They are placed in the planting ditch at 20 cm intervals, with about 7,000 plants per mu. A base fertilizer is applied, consisting of 2,000 to 2,500 kg of fermented manure or compost, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Organic fertilizer is spread along the seed trench, keeping it separate from the seeds. Fine soil is then used to cover the rows, ensuring the surface is smooth and level.
Mulch film is laid over the ridge, with bamboo sticks placed every 2 meters to secure it. The center of the small shed is raised to about 60 cm. Ditches are dug around the edges and compacted to prevent wind from lifting the film.
Field management is crucial. After planting, the film is not removed until the plants emerge. During hot weather, the film is partially lifted at both ends for cooling, but otherwise remains intact. In case of frost, straw curtains are used to cover the small sheds in the evening, and the film is removed the next day. For freezing conditions, straw is placed on the sides of the film during the day to allow light in, while the film is covered at night. During drought, furrow irrigation is used, filling the ditches up to two-thirds full to ensure proper water penetration without causing flooding.
Pest control is also important. Aphids and 28-spotted ladybugs need to be monitored and controlled. For aphids, insecticides like one-off NET, Dagong Chen, Confodol, or imidacloprid can be used. For 28-spotted ladybugs, 2.5% cypermethrin is effective.
Harvesting should be done promptly. Early harvests can start in mid-March, allowing farmers to take advantage of higher market prices by selling their potatoes ahead of the regular season.
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