1, smart fertilizer
Fertilizer is applied four times a year. First, basal fertilizer (late September - late October) is dominated by organic fertilizer, 1 kg of fruit and 2 kg of fertilizer are guaranteed, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer is used in combination; second, the germinating fertilizer (mid-to-late March) is nitrogenous. Phosphate fertilizers are the main components; the third is flower bud differentiation fertilizer (mid-late and late May) with phosphate fertilizers as the main fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer; the fourth is fruit fertilizers (mid-July-mid-August) with potassium fertilizer as the main ingredient. The amount of fertilizer required for producing 100 kg of apples requires 1.0-1.1 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.6-0.8 kg of pure phosphorus and 0.8-1.0 kg of pure potassium. The sapling adopts the "ring-groove fertilization method", and the mature tree adopts the "radial groove fertilization method" or "strip-shaped fertilization method". The base fertilizer groove is 40-50 cm deep, the top dressing is 10-20 cm, and the groove width is 30-40 cm. It is necessary to combine irrigation.
2. Great transformation
Thinning: For Qiaohuayuan and 55 or more dwarf gardens with more than 55 trees per acre, thinning is performed according to the method of “digging 1†or “digging 2â€.
Thinning: The sparse branch of Qiaohuashu has a smaller main branch that is 1/2 thicker than its site of attachment. Dwarf trees should be sparsely removed from the center of the main stem with a thickness greater than one-third of its site of implantation. At the same time, the larger lateral branches on the competing branches, whorling branches, opposite branches, overlapping branches, and main branches should be completely eliminated, and the excessively thick result branches should be eliminated. The main branch length should be controlled at 1.2 meters.
Falling head: Weak ones on the center extension and extension branch are first stretched to the required height after being kneaded softly, and the center is dry and stout. Select a branchlet in the northwest or northeast direction of the required height position, once falling to the required height; too large The tree will gradually fall over the years.
Lifting: The spindle-shaped stem is maintained at a height of 80-100 cm, and the happy shape is maintained at 1.2-1.5 m. To mention dry stems depends on the number and size of stems and stems. In general, 2-3 sticks will be eliminated in one year and the target stem height will be reached in 2-3 years.
Through the transformation of the tree, Qiaohua tree is an “improved spindleâ€, and the dwarf tree is a “slender spindleâ€, so that “sparse, thin branches, and thin Fruits†can be achieved.
3, strong pull sticks
1-2 year old branches from mid-August to mid-September, branches, 3 years old and above branch, after spring flowering to mid-May, the best branches. The Fuji plant strains with good fertilizer and water conditions, strong growth potential, and difficult flower formation have branching angles of 90-110 degrees, and other varieties such as the twigs are about 90 degrees. Pull sticks to take "a push two rub three pressure four positioning" or "even three saws" method.
4, no pollution
To establish an ecological orchard: Select a virus-free nursery stock to build a garden, establish a fruit-livestock-methane-gravel-grass "five matching" ecological model, use fruit bags, and increase organic fertilizer.
Strengthen the prediction and forecast of pests and diseases, implement the principle of “prevention as the mainstay, and comprehensive prevention and control†and adhere to the combination of agriculture, physics, biology, and chemical prevention. Agricultural prevention and control shall strengthen the management of soil and fertilizer water, cultivate and strengthen trees, and improve the disease resistance of trees. Physical control should take full advantage of the insect phototaxis, odor, and animation, and use sweet and sour liquid, black light, vibration and other methods to eliminate pests. Biological control uses natural enemies such as ladybugs, grasshoppers, and predatory mites to eliminate pests, use insect sex hormones to trap or disturb insect mating, and reduce the number of insect pests. Chemical prevention should use non-polluted pesticides and prohibit the use of highly toxic, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides.
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