Why not a standard fermentation bed?
Xia Yun
The use of the fermentation bed breeding technology to raise pigs is not only labor-saving but also environmentally friendly, and the housing is also very clean. At the same time, it also has the functions and advantages of improving feed utilization, reducing the feed-to-meat ratio, improving the quality of pork, reducing the use of drugs, and saving water. However, when farmers use the fermentation bed technology, due to the unfamiliar working principle of the fermentation bed and the non-standard operation, there are often some problems that can be avoided or simply should not occur. For example, the fermentation bed does not produce heat and does not keep warm The ability of the fermentation bed to decompose feces is poor. There are fly maggots on the surface of the fermentation bed, especially the growth of fly maggots on the bed of fermentation. The problem of easily attracting the fly is more difficult, and it is also a problem that the farmers report more.
Why is there a fly maggot in the fermentation bed? After the fermentation bed technology is not used, the feces can be rapidly decomposed. Is there basically no survival condition for fly maggots? How can you grow a fly? Through the investigation, the author found that the fermentation bed of the long-flying fly has some common features: (1) the floor is a semi-fermented bed; and (2) the ventilation of the pen is very poor, or there is basically no ventilation facility. (3) long-term exposure of feces. What are the effective solutions to these situations?
1. Misunderstood: Lead to cement surface reservation.
Some users think that: the fermentation bed is very good, can release fecal heat while decomposing feces, in winter is particularly good, can effectively solve the problem of winter heating, but in summer, the temperature is generally high, they take it for granted that the fermentation bed surface temperature will also Very high, and even heated the air, so that the temperature within the pens is increased. Therefore, a cement site should be reserved. The cement site is considered to be cool in summer. Such a structure they take for granted that winter pigs can sleep on the bed of fermentation beds. The summer pigs can sleep on the concrete floor and can really cool in winter and summer.
Is this actually the case? No! It is this understanding that the farmers are not able to understand the working principle of the fermentation bed, and it may be that individual manufacturers mislead the fermentation bed. Fermented bed culture, functional beneficial microorganisms decompose pig manure and litter into microbial and other organic and trace elements, and release a certain amount of heat to complete the conversion of materials and energy in the housing. However, the heat released during this process is not Everyone imagines it is so big. For example, a fermentation bed made of fermented bed fermentation agent of Jinbao is 50 centimeters for the production of the fermentation bed (90-100 centimeters for other fermentation bed product padding), which is roughly divided into the 50 centimeters of the bedding layer. In the three parts, the first part is the 10 cm below the fermentation bed, which is basically not fermented or the strength of the fermentation is very small, so the heat production is also very small, called the buffer layer; the second part is the fermentation bed 10 cm to 40 The centimeter level, this part is called the central fermentation layer, is the core area of ​​decomposition of the feces, but also the main body of the fermentation bed, the third part of the fermentation bed surface 40 cm to 50 cm, this layer is basically not fermented, called the bottom layer. Fermentation center layer is not only the core area of ​​decomposition of feces, but also the core area of ​​heat production, the temperature range of 40-60 degrees, but the heat after passing 10-20 cm of bedding, the temperature reached the surface of the fermentation bed is basically 20-25 About degree (this is like a quilt cover in winter, people lying inside, with the body heat, the temperature inside the bed is increased, but the quilt surface is basically the same temperature with the air), so worry about the summer fermentation bed surface temperature is too high It is impossible to mention it. Since the fermentation bed is not hot in summer, there is no need to reserve a concrete floor.
However, some farmers have proposed that the surface of the fermentation bed in the summer is indeed very hot, and the pig will lie up and change places after lying on it for a while, and lying on top of it, this is not evidence of heat on the surface of the fermentation bed. In fact, this is not the case. Let's suppose that if the surface of the fermentation bed turns hot, will the summer pig climb up to sleep? Obviously not, but how do you explain that the pig will run away after lying on it for a while? In fact, the surface of the fermentation bed itself is not hot, but after the pig is lying on it, not only the fermentation center layer transfers heat to the buffer layer of the fermentation bed, but the pig also heats the surface of the fermentation bed through its own body temperature. If sex is not good enough, it will certainly not pass for a minute or two. The temperature of the fermentation bed will be higher, and the pig will not stand up and run away. (We may compare the fermentation buffer layer to a “quiltâ€.) When the "quilt" was heated by two people at the same time, both inside and outside are very hot), the pig will sleep to make room or turn over, the same for people, regardless of the winter and summer, whether it is cement, wood or fermented bed Face is normal. From this explanation, it can be well explained that the fermentation bed is not hot in summer, the fermentation bed does not increase the ambient temperature, there is no need to adopt the semi-cemented semi-fermentation bed structure, and the pig does not need cement ground in the summer.
2. Infinite troubles: The cement surface became a “happy camp†for fly breeding.
Why semi-cement semi-fermented bed pens are easy to fly? The following is a picture of a pig house for finishing pigs. The structure of the house is fairly reasonable, but it is fatal for the farmer to use a semi-cement bed structure. Some pigs pull the excrement on the concrete floor and the tank is also on the concrete floor. The pigs eat on the ground, and the food spilled out of the trough is mixed with feces and litter under the stampede of the pig. Because there are few litters on the cement floor, it cannot be fermented at all, so it takes a long time to knot on the cement floor. On the first floor, the knots will smell stinky under the influence of spoilage microorganisms, and the stench is what the flies like. Do you think the flies can't come? In addition, since the semi-cemented semi-fermented bed has a half bedding area occupied by cement, the area and volume of the fermentation are reduced, and each pig is required to occupy 1.2-1.5 of the fermentation bed area. The poor area is left with 0.6-0.7 square meters! The number of functional micro-organisms per unit volume is much smaller than that required by the standards, the decomposition of the feces itself is incomplete or incomplete, or the pigs who have not yet had time to decompose themselves are stepped on their own, the hoof between the fingers is full of excrement, and then The concrete surface is stepped on one by one step, and it accumulates over time, forming a thick layer of ripples, which cannot be decomposed, and the sweep cannot sweep away, nor can it be flushed with water (the water flush will spoil the fermenting bed). In this way, the stench is thick. The "contribution" of the cement surface can be big, and the flies will surely scramble to settle down under this "inviting invitation".
There are many kinds of flies, and their diet is also more complex. The feedability of flies depends on their species. There are specialized nectar and plant sap, and they are specialized in eating humans, animal blood or animal wounds, blood and eye and nose secretions. The common housefly, big-headed fly, green-fly, fly-fly, and flies fly belong to omnivorous flies, that is, food, animal and poultry secretions and excreta, kitchen waste, and organic matter in the garbage. They have a strong tendency towards sugar, vinegar, ammonia, and odor. According to research, if the female flies simply supply water, sugar and carbohydrates, although they can grow, but the ovary can not develop, lay eggs; only fed protein feed or a variety of amino acids in order to lay eggs. Therefore, the excrement stained on the feet and hooves, together with the remaining feed, became a delicious meal for the flies. After eating and drinking, they quickly breed.
Third, how to effectively reduce mosquitoes?
The problem has arisen. How to solve it?
1, abolished the cement surface. The cement floor was completely abolished and all the fermentation beds were used in the pens. This type of project is large, but it must be improved. The longer the retention time of the cement surface, the more mosquitoes and flies multiply, the faster they will be, according to the technician of the golden treasure. As a result, the quarters do not retain concrete. As long as ventilation is good, the summer enclosure is not hot at all, and flies will not be found.
2, to enhance ventilation and ventilation. Strengthen the ventilation and ventilation of the house, avoid the excessive concentration of ammonia gas and carbon dioxide around the corners, install the fan in the center or both sides of the house, and start the machine in hot weather to enhance ventilation and ventilation. During the construction of the house, Must be set up skylights and windows, the location of the windows in the 15-20 cm from the litter surface is more appropriate, every 2-3 meters in a row, too high to play the role of the window, too low is not good It is easy to splash in or rain in rainy days. The sunroof is every 3-4 meters.
3, more upset shake. Since some breeds of pigs do not like to turn over the arches, they cannot be buried in the center of the fermentation center after they have been pulled down. If they stay on the bed of the fermentation bed, they will certainly not be able to ferment. At this time, we need to manually turn over and shake it. For example, if the soil is turned over once in two days, the feces will be buried in the fermentation layer, the oxygen needed for the functional bacteria will be replenished, and more importantly, the excess moisture and heat in the fermentation bed will be released as water vapor to maintain the inside of the fermentation bed. Dynamic balance. The technicians of Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Company concluded that using the Jinbao fermentation bed can feed about 10% of the feed in an appropriate amount, allowing pigs to turn over their food in the arch to reduce the number of falls. (All rights reserved, please indicate the source!)
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