The longan, also known as round meat and longan meat, has the effect of replenishing heart and blood, soothe the nerves and nourishing the nerves. It is a well-known large-scale medicinal food product. It is mainly produced in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Taiwan. Its cultivation can be used for seed breeding and grafting breeding. The seed seedling technology is introduced as follows:
First, the choice of nursery land Nursery should choose a good drainage, no water, drought can be filled with (leaf) water, a slope of 5 to 10 mild slopes or flattened terraces, topsoil deep, loose, more fertile sand Loam (heavy clay is not suitable for nursery land). After the nursery is selected, the ploughshare must be ploughed in advance to remove stones and weeds, deep-turn 25 to 30cm, from the width of 1 to 1.2m, about 20cm above the bottom of the groove. After squatting, proceed at a distance of 30cm from the surface.
Second, Shizuji Fertilizer in order to cultivate a strong longan seedlings, per acre pig cattle fat 3000 ~ 4000kg, or high-quality farmyard fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100 ~ 150kg, lime 100 ~ 130kg, the fertilizer mixture Fermentation, rot and evenly spread into the sulcus, and mix with topsoil and wait for sowing.
Third, the treatment of seeds Longan is peeled (eat) to the flesh, if you let it dry or dried it, it will lose its germination. Therefore, the seeds used as seedlings cannot be allowed to shrink. The seeds must be collected in time, mixed with fine sand, gently rubbed off the flesh on the umbilicus, and then rinsed in water to remove inferior seed. Select full-grown, full-fledged seeds and press 2 to 3 servings of 1 seed. The ratio of fine sand (about 5% of water content) is mixed for germination; a layer of 10-15cm thick sand can also be laid under the shade, and then the seeds are sprinkled on the sand and covered with a layer of sand (sand over the seed 1 ~ 1.5cm), and then cover a layer of straw, to prevent evaporation of moisture, keep moist, in order to facilitate germination. During germination, the temperature should be controlled at about 25°C. If the temperature is too high, cold water must be sprayed to prevent the seeds from losing their germination power. After 3 to 5 days of germination, the germ can be sown after 1 to 2 cm.
Fourth, sowing method The germinated seeds, according to the spacing of 20cm broadcast in the well-opened row (row spacing 30cm) in the row of ditch, each hole 1 seed, cover the soil, then cover the surface with a raft or straw to prevent The water evaporates, keeping the soil moist and promoting the rapid growth of the seed after germination. Usually 8000-10000 strains per acre is suitable, 6000-7000 strains are better. Too dense, not only affects the increase of seedlings, but also affects the survival rate and growth of transplanting in the future, and the rapid expansion of the canopy.
When longan seeds are sown, they are at a high temperature during the early autumn and are not conducive to seedling growth. According to the experience of the Guangxi Farming System Farm, 45 to 60 days before planting, green manure such as pig manure beans and soybeans were sowed first in the row of sorghum. When the longan seeds are sown, the green manure has grown about 20cm high. Using the green manure to create a cool and cool climatic environment can prevent the longan seedlings from being burnt by the burning sun and increase the survival rate. In this way, you can leave the shade without waiting until the leaves of longan seedlings age. After the temperature drops, you can unplug the green manure and cover the surface.
5. Management of Seedlings Longan seedlings grow 4 to 5 leaves and turn green, cutting off the apical part of the main root with a knife to promote the development of lateral root growth, laying a foundation for improving the survival rate of transplants and plant early results.
When the leaves of longan seedlings age and re-emergence, pay attention to fertilizer and water management, timely top-dressing and watering, and promote the growth of seedlings to reach the standard of grafting as soon as possible. In addition, the long-term diseases and insect pests are more, we must pay attention to timely prevention and treatment. Longan seedlings are afraid of frost. During cold winter months, it is necessary to pay attention to frost prevention.
When the seedlings grow to more than 30cm in length, if they do not grow branches, they are artificially topping to restrain their length and height, so that the stems are long and thick to facilitate grafting. For the first year of nursery seedlings, more than 80% of the seedlings reach the grafting standard (the stem diameter is 1 to 1.2cm at 10-15cm from the ground), and the grafting can be carried out between August and September the following year, and the third year of spring or autumn. You can leave the garden.
First, the choice of nursery land Nursery should choose a good drainage, no water, drought can be filled with (leaf) water, a slope of 5 to 10 mild slopes or flattened terraces, topsoil deep, loose, more fertile sand Loam (heavy clay is not suitable for nursery land). After the nursery is selected, the ploughshare must be ploughed in advance to remove stones and weeds, deep-turn 25 to 30cm, from the width of 1 to 1.2m, about 20cm above the bottom of the groove. After squatting, proceed at a distance of 30cm from the surface.
Second, Shizuji Fertilizer in order to cultivate a strong longan seedlings, per acre pig cattle fat 3000 ~ 4000kg, or high-quality farmyard fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100 ~ 150kg, lime 100 ~ 130kg, the fertilizer mixture Fermentation, rot and evenly spread into the sulcus, and mix with topsoil and wait for sowing.
Third, the treatment of seeds Longan is peeled (eat) to the flesh, if you let it dry or dried it, it will lose its germination. Therefore, the seeds used as seedlings cannot be allowed to shrink. The seeds must be collected in time, mixed with fine sand, gently rubbed off the flesh on the umbilicus, and then rinsed in water to remove inferior seed. Select full-grown, full-fledged seeds and press 2 to 3 servings of 1 seed. The ratio of fine sand (about 5% of water content) is mixed for germination; a layer of 10-15cm thick sand can also be laid under the shade, and then the seeds are sprinkled on the sand and covered with a layer of sand (sand over the seed 1 ~ 1.5cm), and then cover a layer of straw, to prevent evaporation of moisture, keep moist, in order to facilitate germination. During germination, the temperature should be controlled at about 25°C. If the temperature is too high, cold water must be sprayed to prevent the seeds from losing their germination power. After 3 to 5 days of germination, the germ can be sown after 1 to 2 cm.
Fourth, sowing method The germinated seeds, according to the spacing of 20cm broadcast in the well-opened row (row spacing 30cm) in the row of ditch, each hole 1 seed, cover the soil, then cover the surface with a raft or straw to prevent The water evaporates, keeping the soil moist and promoting the rapid growth of the seed after germination. Usually 8000-10000 strains per acre is suitable, 6000-7000 strains are better. Too dense, not only affects the increase of seedlings, but also affects the survival rate and growth of transplanting in the future, and the rapid expansion of the canopy.
When longan seeds are sown, they are at a high temperature during the early autumn and are not conducive to seedling growth. According to the experience of the Guangxi Farming System Farm, 45 to 60 days before planting, green manure such as pig manure beans and soybeans were sowed first in the row of sorghum. When the longan seeds are sown, the green manure has grown about 20cm high. Using the green manure to create a cool and cool climatic environment can prevent the longan seedlings from being burnt by the burning sun and increase the survival rate. In this way, you can leave the shade without waiting until the leaves of longan seedlings age. After the temperature drops, you can unplug the green manure and cover the surface.
5. Management of Seedlings Longan seedlings grow 4 to 5 leaves and turn green, cutting off the apical part of the main root with a knife to promote the development of lateral root growth, laying a foundation for improving the survival rate of transplants and plant early results.
When the leaves of longan seedlings age and re-emergence, pay attention to fertilizer and water management, timely top-dressing and watering, and promote the growth of seedlings to reach the standard of grafting as soon as possible. In addition, the long-term diseases and insect pests are more, we must pay attention to timely prevention and treatment. Longan seedlings are afraid of frost. During cold winter months, it is necessary to pay attention to frost prevention.
When the seedlings grow to more than 30cm in length, if they do not grow branches, they are artificially topping to restrain their length and height, so that the stems are long and thick to facilitate grafting. For the first year of nursery seedlings, more than 80% of the seedlings reach the grafting standard (the stem diameter is 1 to 1.2cm at 10-15cm from the ground), and the grafting can be carried out between August and September the following year, and the third year of spring or autumn. You can leave the garden.
Red Ginseng has the functions of invigorating vital energy, nourishing blood, nourishing heart and soothing mind. Red ginseng can regulate the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, promote the body's material metabolism and the synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA. Red ginseng can improve the brain, physical activity and immune function, enhance, anti-fatigue, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-radiation, heart-nourishing and pulse-restoring, tranquilize the mind, invigorate the lung and invigorate the spleen.
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