Some measures to improve the quality of winter jujube

1, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. Avoiding or reducing pest damage is a prerequisite for improving the quality of winter jujube. Prevention and control of diseases and pests of jujube trees should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”, and measures should be taken before or during the occurrence of pests and diseases to fully utilize various factors that inhibit pests and diseases, and create conditions that are not conducive to the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases to agriculture. Based on prevention and control and physical control, taking biological control as the core, according to the biological characteristics and hazard characteristics of pests and diseases, scientific and rational use of chemical control methods, the pests and diseases are controlled below the economic threshold to ensure that the quality of jujube fruit meets relevant standards. Agricultural control includes breeding of disease-resistant seedlings, scientific planting of plants, rational pruning and improvement of air and light conditions in the jujube garden, removal of diseased shoots, removal of litter, scraping of bark, whitening, and turning of tree-dugworms. Ground stalk cover, scientific fertilization and other measures; physical control is based on the biological characteristics of pests using sweet and sour liquid, trunk tied grass rope, shock-type insecticidal lamp and black light method to trap and kill pests; biological control has artificial release of Trichogramma , protection of the use of ladybugs, grasshoppers, predators and other natural enemies, the application of Beauveria bassiana against peach pests, Zabufu, juvenile armyworm and other pests and the use of pheromone to kill or interfere with adult mating and other measures; use of chemical agents should As a supplementary means to prevent and treat pests and diseases, it should not be adopted as the main or sole measure, allowing the use of biogenic pesticides, mineral-originated pesticides, and low-toxicity organic synthetic pesticides, and limiting the use of poisoning pesticides to do a good job of forecasting and targeting. The timely and appropriate use of drugs, when the control index is not reached or the proportion of beneficial insect pests is reasonable, no drugs are used to obtain the best control effect. In addition, the conditional jujube garden can adopt fruit bagging, so that the jujube fruit is not subject to pests and diseases and pesticide pollution, but also to keep the fruit surface clean and coloring.

2, timely opening. Before and after the Mang species, most of the jujube trees on the winter jujube hanged and blossomed with 5-8 flowers. At this time, the best-quality “head flower” was in full bloom, and the number of fruit set was large, the fruit growth period was long, and the head was mature. Consistent, high quality products, high commodity value. The width of the incision is about 0.5 centimeters when the armor is open, and the adult tree is appropriately wide (0.5-1 cm) when mature and the young fruit tree is narrow (0.3-0.5 centimeters). A sharp tool should be sharpened, the knife edge should be smooth, and the width of the upper and lower incisions must be the same. The upper knife edge should be cut straight, and the lower knife edge should be inclined upwards, leaving no residual skin when peeling. After peeling, apply a 25% solution of monocrotophos 100 times to prevent and treat nail beetle. Apply once every 5-7 days for a total of 3 times. After nail opening, it should be suitable for healing within 30 days.

3, timely picking the heart, thinning the fruit. After the armor is opened, the head of the jujube, the second branch, and the jujube hanging except for the main branch extension head are repeatedly toned to reduce nutrient consumption and promote fruit setting. In the middle and late June, fruit thinning is carried out. Generally, each jujube tree hangs 1 fruit, 2 trees of jujube tree hang 1 fruit, and 3 trees hang fruit 1 every 3 jujubes, and the remaining fruits are all dredged. In addition, the physiological fruit drop after fruit thinning was significantly reduced, the earlier the fruit thinning, the lower the physiological fruit drop, the rapid growth of jujube fruit, high uniformity, and good quality, thereby increasing the output of jujube fruit.

4, increase fertilizer material. At the same time as fruit thinning, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days to enhance tree vigor and promote fruit development. The foliar spray fertilizer can use 0.5% urea solution, 0.3% borax, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. From late August to early September, when the jujube fruit enters the white mature stage, appropriate application of potash fertilizer can promote the growth and maturity of jujube fruit, facilitate the transportation and transformation of sugar, increase the sugar content of fruit, improve the fruit quality and resist storage. Sex, the specific approach is: foliar spray twice 0.3% potassium sulfate, a 4% of grass ash leaching liquid, each plant roots of winter dates, 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate.

5, to prevent pre-harvest fruit drop. 6-8 weeks before harvest, even spray 20-30ppm of nitric acid twice, can effectively prevent the falling fruit before harvest.

6, suitable for harvesting. Due to inconsistent maturity of winter jujube, it should be harvested in batches, generally harvested when the jujube fruit is half red, to avoid excessive ripening of winter jujube, affecting storage and transportation. Manually picking at the time of harvest, keeping the stems, and gently lifting.

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