There are usually three methods for seedlings cut flowers: live seedlings, transplant seedlings, and nest nursery. Each of them has different characteristics:
Live seedlings: The advantage is that seedlings grow better than transplant seedlings. The disadvantage is that a large number of seeds are needed. In the initial stage of seedling growth, a large amount of manpower is required for weeding and thinning.
Transplanting seedlings: The advantage is that the amount of seeds used is only 20% of the live seedlings. It is suitable for seeding rare seeds of the F1 generation without the need for seedlings. Large seedlings can be produced. The disadvantage is that the soil disinfection period of the nursery bed is longer after transplanting 60-70 days, and it takes a lot of manpower to move the seedlings.
Nest breeding: Both of the above-mentioned breeding methods use nursery beds for nursery. They will infect root rot due to continuous cropping, and nest-based nursery will use disease-free new soil and be isolated from the bed so that there will be no continuous crop disease. This method is direct sowing, without transplanting seedlings and direct planting, can save manpower, material resources and financial resources. Nest-type seedlings can avoid the occurrence of rooting when planting, which is conducive to the normal growth of seedlings.
Live seedlings
The selection of dry soil in the nursery will result in a decrease in the germination rate. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a place where watering is convenient and where there is no underground pest. The soil pH value is preferably 5-5.5.
Seed preparation The seeds harvested in the first year were stored under dry conditions, and almost no germination was sown in the spring of the second year. Therefore, seeds must be stored at 0°C for more than one month before spring sowing, or treated with 50mg/l-100mg/l gibberellin in 3-7 days to break the seed dormancy. In addition, seeds are generally used as seeds for the current year. After the seeds were broken, the seeds were put into a sealed container together with a desiccant and stored at 0°C. With this method of storage, the seed germination rate will not decrease for 2-3 years, but the germination time will be prolonged. Therefore, the storage time of the cut flower eustoma seed is preferably not more than one year.
Seedling nursery beds are best not to have continuous cropping. If they have to make continuous cropping, they must be disinfected with different pesticides in spring and autumn. For continuous cropping for two consecutive years, pests and diseases are prone to occur even if the soil is disinfected.
The nursery bed has a bed width of 90-100cm and a bed height of 15cm. In order to promote germination, a fine spray device should be prepared.
Fertilizer application Base fertilizers should be avoided as much as possible using chemical fertilizers. Composted compost 500-600kg per acre, special seedbed fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=4:15:6) 10Kg, starting from the first seedling, top-dressing every month 2- 3 times, apply 400-500 times liquid fertilizer, cut flowers Eustoma is suitable for acidic soil, it should not use alkaline fertilizer such as lime.
When sowing is required, sowing is conducted at intervals of 5-6 cm. The seeding rate of 0.5-0.7 ml per square meter of nursery bed is appropriate. The sowing time is mostly in the spring, and the spring sowing is appropriate from late March to early April. If it is too late, the germination rate will decrease and the weak seedlings will increase due to the high temperature.
The cover soil should be lighter and not easily dried, such as peat moss soil or sawdust. The overburdened soil is too thick to germinate, and it is usually covered with about 2 liters of cover soil per square meter.
After sowing management, the initial temperature during sowing should not exceed 25°C during the day and keep warm at night. After May, remove the plastic film on both sides of the shed and try to nurse it under cool conditions. Within 20 days after sowing, it is a period of large evaporation of moisture and the soil should be kept moist. The first thinning was carried out after 2-3 pairs of true leaves were grown, leaving 2-3 plants per locus, and the second time leaving 4-5 pairs of true leaves to grow one plant per locus. From the first thinning to late August, 400-500 times of liquid fertilizer is used for top dressing every 10 days. Seedlings are prone to leaf blight. Preventive measures should be taken in the early stages of growth. After onset, the frequency of watering should be reduced to 3-5 days. If the leaves are dry after watering, spraying should be done in time.
Transplant seedlings
The sowing time for transplanting seedlings at the time of sowing should be about one month earlier than live seedlings, that is, sowing from mid-February to mid-March.
Sowing is required to sow 0.3 ml-0.5 ml (20-30 boxes per 10 acre) per nursery box (45367 cm), and each box is evenly covered with 200 ml of peat moss soil.
Soil sowing used acidic soil with a pH of 5-6 plus 30% (v/v) peat soil, plus special fertilizer for seedbed (N:P2O5:K2O=4:15:6). The soil for sowing must be sterilized.
Watering management Before the seeds germinate, keep them moist and use a fine-nosed sprayer to prevent water accumulation at the bottom of the seedbed to prevent germination.
When the temperature management is sown in February, it is heated to a minimum of about 10° C. with a hot bed, and the greenhouse can be sown after March. The daytime temperature should not exceed 25° C.
The bed preparation preparation bed is basically the same as the live seedlings. In order to improve the survival rate, soil disinfection and fertilization are completed by mid-April, and then covered with a light-shielding material, and the water is filled 2-3 days before transplantation.
Transplantation conditions The transplant period is based on 2-3 pairs of true leaves. Take care not to exceed 4 pairs to avoid a decrease in survival rate. When the average temperature is above 10°C (after late April), large seedlings should be transplanted as soon as possible, and they should end at an average temperature of around 15°C at the latest.
The transplant method should not injure the roots as much as possible when the seedlings are lifted, and then be planted at an interval of 5-6 cm. It is best to carry out the transplant on a cloudy or rainy day. After transplanting, it should be fully watered and shaded to promote survival. The temperature is preferably 15-20 °C. Other management is the same as live seedlings.
Nest breeding
Planting period The sowing period is from early March to mid-April and should be sown as early as possible. Mature plants are expected to be cultivated during the year. When 200 litter trays are used, the standard nursery period is 80-90 days.
Seeding method In a large-scale production area, a series of nursery machines such as a culture soil mixer, a soil loader and an automatic seeder are introduced. However, since the eustoma seed has its unique shape, the accuracy of sowing a seed in one eye socket is about 70%. In order to make effective use of valuable seeds, consideration should be given to the practical application of coated species. In addition, the equipment is expensive. Therefore, the selection of equipment should be introduced on the basis of consideration of the use of other varieties and thorough research.
From the usual place of production, without using a mechanical sowing method, the needles may be clamped with sanitary chopsticks, and the needles may be slightly wetted with the needle tip facing downwards, and the seeds may be placed in the sockets with the needle tip for seeding.
When the seeding rate is sown by the above method, one seed per hole is sown, and 5-7 ml seeding seeds are needed every 10 acres. In order to make full use of resources, try to use seeds with high germination rate and high germination potential.
Seeding soil This seeding method is cultivated in very small holes, so the quality of soil used is very important. If there is a lack of research on Eustoma, we can use Eustoma cultivation soil currently sold on the market.
Nursery facilities The interior of the pipeline greenhouse consists of planting tables or shelves, on which the pallets are placed. If light does not reach the bottom of the tray, the root system grows out of the bottom of the tray so that it is not easy to pull out the seedlings when planting. Therefore, a gap should be left at the bottom of the tray.
After sowing management, the peat moss was uniformly covered with 200 ml of each tray after sowing. After sowing, until seedlings are not discharged, it is necessary to maintain the moisture, and it must not be allowed to dry. After the seedlings are flushed out, the surface of the soil should not be dried, and water should be poured on a sunny morning as much as possible. With this method of seedling, the water between the hole and the hole is separated, so that even and careful watering is very important. The optimal temperature for germination is 15-20°C. Do not exceed 25°C during daytime when changing air. After sprouting, if the seedling grows too fast and prone to root rot, care should be taken to avoid high-temperature and high-humidity conditions. When the temperature exceeds 25°C, appropriate shading treatment is required. When more than two seedlings grow in each hole, one hole should be kept in each hole. If the seedlings are not enough, the seedlings that are out of the hole can be carefully transplanted into the lack of seedlings. After 40 days of sowing, watering is performed once every 10 days and 500-1000 times liquid fertilizer is applied.
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