The survival rate of the pheasant during the breeding period is directly related to the economic benefits of the company. During this period of broiler chickens, the broiler's rearing costs approximately 2 to 2.5 yuan per animal, and the feed cost can be approximately reached at the end of the breeding period. To reach 14-17 yuan / only, if in the breeding period can not guarantee the survival rate of more than 90%, the cost of feeding each pheasant will increase by 1.5 to 2 yuan, or even more. Therefore, in order to ensure the survival rate of pheasants during the breeding period and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, the following points should be noted in the rearing process:
1. Control of suitable breeding density The pheasant grows faster during the growing season and it is also hot in summer. If the stocking density is too high during this period, it can easily induce fleas and affect the normal growth and development, especially in the later stage of brooding. Properly evacuating the rearing density not only ensures that each pheasant has sufficient space for movement, access to adequate feed and drinking water, but also contributes to the healthy growth of bones, muscles and feathers. Under normal circumstances, 2 to 3 pheasants (5 to 12 weeks old) can be reared per square meter, and 1.5 to 2 pheasants (13 to 20 weeks old) can be reared.
2. Ensure reasonable feed nutrition Reasonable feed nutrition is a prerequisite for ensuring the healthy growth of pheasants. The growth period is a critical period for the growth of skeletons and muscles of pheasants. Both the amount and the quality of the protein and mineral elements in the feed Very high demands, especially for calcium and phosphorus, have increased over the brooding period. However, the energy level of the feed should be properly controlled to prevent the excessive deposition of body fat. In order to prevent the heat stress response, we must also pay attention to supplementing with appropriate amounts of multivitamins, green grasses such as green grass and vegetables, and ensure clean drinking water throughout the day. Practice has shown that allowing pheasants to freely eat green fodder can effectively control the occurrence of radon.
Under normal circumstances, the energy level and protein level of the pheasant feed during the early breeding period were 12 MJ/kg, 22% and 12.5 MJ/kg, respectively, and 18%. The calcium and phosphorus levels were 1.0% and 0.8%, respectively.
3. Strengthen management and reduce stress response Pheasant has a strong ability to fly during the breeding period. Any external stimulus will cause the pheasant to cry out loud, fly around, and even cause casualties. Therefore, in order to prevent "frightening groups", in the feeding process, care should be taken to ensure that the feeding environment is relatively quiet, unnecessary stimulation is reduced, and animals such as dogs and pigs are prevented from entering the farm area. Visitors must also have strict restrictions on their visiting route. It is best to put on the uniform and enter the area under the guidance of the staff. During the visit, you should try to avoid loud noises, and do not throw stones at the pheasants. , branches and other things. From the perspective of health and epidemic prevention, visitors should also avoid direct contact with pheasants, feed, and utensils. Visitors are also not allowed to enter pheasants' breeding enclosures.
4. Strengthen the prevention and control of immunization and disease At present, most of the pheasant rearing in China is based on open-air free-range farming. The feces of small birds and various types of birds can easily enter the broiler house through the gap in the top net. More difficult. Therefore, it is extremely important to regularly disinfect the pheasant net house. Under normal conditions, the disinfection of pheasants' nets is mainly to pave yellow sand or deep overturning surface soil, supplemented by spray disinfection liquids. Currently available for use with chicken spray disinfection drugs are killing (double chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant), chlorine dioxide disinfectant, bacteria poisoning, Edible, disinfection of the king, "enefit" relief sterilizer .
In addition, pheasants during the breeding period are prone to diseases such as white plague, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, cholera, coccidia, and parasitic nematodes, especially during the summer rainy season. Therefore, in feeding and management, in addition to regular vaccination, we must pay attention to changes in the weather at any time, and give timely drug prevention. As a pheasant farm, the following drugs should be prepared: chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, enrozotoxin, levamisole, and corresponding coccidiosis drugs.
5. Timely slaughter, shorten the feeding time At the end of the breeding period, the weight of the pheasant can basically reach about 1.2 kilograms. In addition to the pheasant, the pheasant can be slaughtered according to the daily weight gain, so as to shorten the feeding time of the pheasant and reduce it. Unnecessary loss. The appropriate slaughter time for general pheasants can be estimated using the following methods: At the end of the breeding period, the feed intake of the pheasants is recorded weekly, and the body weight is sampled, if the ratio of feed input to body weight gain equals RMB is equal to or greater than 1 , you can consider slaughter and sale, otherwise it can be carried out for a short period of time. This method is called "marginal benefit" in the animal husbandry, that is, when the feed cost input in the later period is equal to the increase in weight, the cost is equal to the return, which is the best time for slaughter; if the cost input is greater than the return, it is the cost of negative input. In the period, if the cost is less than the income, it will be the cost input period. At this time, the supply status of the market can be determined by the market, or the short-term raising can be carried out again.
In short, the breeding of pheasants should be scientific, reasonable, comprehensive, and orderly. Only timely adjustments can be made based on the body condition of pheasants, weather changes, market conditions, etc. to ensure the survival rate of pheasants in the rearing period. , increase economic efficiency, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises.
Author: Institute of Special Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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