Black dipterous mosquitoes, eyelid mosquitoes, and other Diptera insects are collectively referred to as "mushroom mosquitoes." Mushroom mosquito harm can reduce the yield of mushrooms by about 30%. Therefore, effective prevention and control of "mushroom mosquitoes" can increase mushroom production by about 30%.
First, the life habits and the law of the mushroom mosquitoes The mosquitoes prefer to reproduce in a damp, dirty environment. Fungal mycelium is one of the best foods for such insects. The main way of harm is to bite the hyphae, destroy the normal growth of hyphae, cause the hyphae to weaken or die, and also create conditions for the infection of the bacteria, so that some competitive bacteria multiply on the damage spots of mushroom mosquitoes. And produce antibiotics, causing disease and further destroy the mushroom mycelium, causing a vicious circle. In addition, skipping insects, aphids, nematodes, etc. will also take advantage of the large number of breeding within the bite spot, increasing the degree of harm. The combined effects of insects and diseases resulted in autolysis of mycelia, loose media, and black water flow.
The larvae of mushroom mosquitoes are damaged within 2 or 3 weeks after being eaten by the mushrooms. After 3 to 7 days of pupal stage, the larvae become adults and fly out. Adults fly on the same day and they lay eggs quickly. Each female can produce dozens of grains to 300 grains. After the mushroom segment is damaged, the lesion produces a special delicious taste, and it has a strong attraction to the mushroom. Therefore, mushroom mosquitoes often return to lay eggs to cause damage in the next generation.
Second, mushroom mosquito comprehensive control measures
1. Clean up waste culture materials in time. During the mushroom harvesting process, the disused mushroom wood should be picked and concentrated in a timely manner. Once harvesting is completed, all the mushrooms should be put away from the rack and be piled up, and the mushroom shed must be thoroughly cleaned. Waste heaps should be kept away from the next batch of mushrooms, 5% lime water in the heap, and then spray 200 times dichlorvos on the heap surface, covered with plastic film, this can not only promote fermentation maturity, but also kill insects bacteria. 40 days after the waste is dumped, it can be used as organic fertilizer; at the same time, biogas digesters should be promoted to reduce forest resource consumption, purify environmental pollution and reduce pests.
2. Keep germination sites and mushrooming sites clean. Pre-placement and mushroom sheds are piled, including artificial mushrooms, and the surrounding environment should be cleaned, and sterilized with lime powder or bleach, and insecticide-sterilized. Mushroom forest should be sparsely evacuated, timely turning piles, timely puncture ventilation, strengthen management, improve the fungal resistance of their own pest resistance. Live garbage, waste mushroom wood, feces, and drains around the site must be strictly cleaned.
3. The correct method to prevent mushroom mosquitoes. There are four methods for controlling mushroom mosquitoes: spraying, injection, excavation, trapping and killing.
1 spray. Spraying is a key measure to kill adult mosquitoes. By killing insects by spraying, insects can be killed in time, which greatly reduces the amount of eggs laid by adults. Kill worms can use mushrooms insecticide insect net. The drug has dual effects of contact and stomach toxicity, and long-lasting efficacy, generally sprayed once before the puncture ventilation, to peel the bag (except for mushrooms) and then spray once can effectively eliminate adult re-spawning.
2 injections. For mosquito larvae that are damaged in the tube bag, 300-fold dilution of dichlorvos fluid can be used to inject 0.5-1 ml per cm diameter.
3 Excavation. It is to remove the lesions, remove the black wood chips, then apply the lime water, and timely burn or deep-seated diseased sawdust.
4 trapping. According to the tendency of mushroom mosquitoes to disease spots, mushrooms that are heavily damaged by mushroom mosquitoes are selected as baits in the place where the mushrooms are piled, and a small amount of carbofuran is applied in the cylinder to induce the mosquitoes to lay eggs to kill them.
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