The material crushed product has a particle size of about 1mm~5mm, that is, the external material is used to break the bulk material into small pieces. Its main purpose is to provide raw materials with a particle size that meets the process requirements for the subsequent steps and to facilitate storage and transportation. In industrial production, crushing is carried out using a crusher. The upper limit particle size of the crushed product is not less than that of the laboratory! The processed sample can reach 1mm. Broken is an important operation in the industrial sectors such as mineral processing, coal preparation, metallurgy, construction, road construction, cement, alumina, non-metallic mineral processing and thermal power generation. In the concentrating plant and cement plant, the investment and production costs of the crushing workshop account for a large proportion. For example, the investment in the crushing and grinding workshop of the concentrator is about the investment of the whole plant, and its production cost accounts for the production cost of the whole plant. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the energy consumption of crushing and improve the efficiency of crushing.
The crushing process is a complex material block size change process that is related to many factors. The main influencing factors are: resistance strength, hardness, toughness, shape, size, humidity, temperature, density and homogeneity of the material, as well as external conditions such as the interaction and distribution of the material block at the moment of breaking. All of the above factors have led to the complication of the crushing process, so no unified and complete theory has yet been drawn up to explain and guide the practice of fragmentation. The crushing must occur when the external force works on the material to overcome the cohesion between the particles. The size of cohesion is also very different for the same material. Cohesion can be divided into two categories: one is the force between the particles inside the crystal, and the other is the force between the crystal and the crystal. Both have the same physical properties, but the values ​​are different, the first type of cohesion is many times larger than the second type of cohesion. The amount of cohesion depends on the nature and structure of the crystal itself in the material block and also on the defects in the structure. These defects may be macroscopic and microscopic damage cracks that weaken the connection between the crystals. According to the structure of the crystal and the nature of the force between the particles, the cohesive force in the crystal can be theoretically calculated; the influence of the cohesive force between the crystals and all the factors that reduce the robustness of the material cannot be accurately calculated.
Before the material block is broken by external force, elastic deformation first occurs. When the deformation reaches a certain value, the defect of the material is re-closed, and hardening and stress increase occur. When the external force continues to function, the deformation continues, until the deformation continues. The fragile surface breaks open. Observing the fracture section shows that the material is either fractured (or cracked) by the stress perpendicular to it, or slipped under the action of shear stress, or fractured by the combination of the two.
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