**1. Scope**
This standard outlines the cultivation conditions, afforestation techniques, tending management, and technical requirements for early harvest and high-quality bamboo shoots (trial) of Phyllostachys pubescens (also known as Phyllostachys praecox or Phyllostachys pubescens). It is designed to guide the sustainable development of bamboo plantations. The standard applies to state-owned, collective, and self-employed bamboo farms, as well as to individual farmers cultivating bamboo. It also serves as a reference for the cultivation of high-knot bamboo and chicken-feeding bamboo, offering practical guidance for diverse bamboo production systems.
**2. Site Selection**
**2.1 Climate**
The ideal climate for bamboo growth includes an annual average temperature ranging from 12°C to 16°C, with an annual rainfall between 1250mm and 1800mm. The region should experience significant rainfall during March to May and August to September, ensuring sufficient moisture for bamboo development.
**2.2 Soil**
The soil should be sandy loam or red and yellow loam, with a pH level between 4.5 and 7.0. It must be at least 50cm deep, well-drained, and loose to allow for proper root penetration and air circulation.
**2.3 Topography**
The site should be located below 500 meters above sea level, with a slope less than 15 degrees. It should be on the leeward side, receiving ample sunlight, and have convenient transportation access. Proximity to water sources and hilly terrain is also beneficial for irrigation and drainage.
**3. Afforestation Techniques**
**3.1 Land Preparation**
**3.1.1 Soil Treatment**: Clear the area, remove stones, and use tree rakes and bamboo rakes to ensure the land is fully prepared.
**3.1.2 Soil Depth**: The soil should be loosened to a depth of 30cm.
**3.1.3 Digging Holes**: Dig holes at a rate of 900–1500 per hectare, with each hole measuring 60cm wide, 40cm long, and 40cm deep.
**3.1.4 Ditching**: Create ditches that are 25cm wide and 30cm deep, spaced every 10 meters.
**3.2 Selection of Mother Bamboo**
**3.2.1 Quality**: Choose healthy mother bamboo with strong growth, lush foliage, and no signs of pests or diseases.
**3.2.2 Age**: Select mother bamboo that is 1–2 years old.
**3.2.3 Size**: The breast diameter should be between 2cm and 4cm.
**3.3 Excavation and Transportation of Mother Bamboo**
**3.3.1 Whip Selection**: Cut the whip to a length of 15–20cm, and ensure the rootstock is 25–30cm long. Avoid damaging the buds and roots, and keep at least 5 strong buds. Do not use old or black-colored whips as mother bamboo.
**3.3.2 Soil Ball**: Ensure the soil ball weighs more than 10kg.
**3.3.3 Branches**: Leave 4–7 branches, and trim the tips carefully without causing damage. Thicker foliage can be pruned appropriately.
**3.4 Planting Methods**
**3.4.1 Planting**: Place the mother bamboo in the hole at a depth of 20–25cm. Firm the soil around the base and ensure the planting hole is tightly sealed. Water regularly to maintain moisture.
**3.4.2 Planting Time**: The best time for planting is from October to November, preferably before or after rain. Alternatively, planting can be done from late May to early June or from December to February during winter.
**3.4.3 Planting Density**: Plant 900–1500 mother bamboo per hectare.
**4. Management of Young Forests**
**4.1 Water Management**
After planting, if there is no rainfall for five consecutive days, water each plant with 15kg of water to maintain soil moisture.
**4.2 Weeding and Soil Loosening**
Weed three times a year: shallow weeding (10cm) in February, deep turning (30cm) in May–June, and soil loosening (20cm) in September–October. Avoid disturbing the rhizomes during deep turning.
**4.3 Fertilization**
Fertilize three times annually, combined with soil loosening. From the fourth year onward, adjust fertilization based on forest condition.
**4.3.1 In February**: First year: apply 0.15kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mother bamboo; second year: 270kg/ha; third year: 540kg/ha.
**4.3.2 In May–June**: First year: 0.25kg of compound fertilizer per mother bamboo; second year: 450kg/ha; third year: 900kg/ha.
**4.3.3 In September–October**: First year: 5kg of human urine mixed with water (2–4 times); second year: 9t/ha; third year: 18t/ha.
**4.4 Retention of Mother Bamboo**
Avoid digging up small bamboo shoots. Keep large ones and thin out weak ones to promote uniform growth. Select strong, uniform mother bamboo to accelerate forest establishment.
**4.4.1 First Year**: Plant 1–2 shoots per mother bamboo, leaving 1500–2500 shoots per hectare.
**4.4.2 Second and Third Years**: Plant 2–3 shoots per mother bamboo, with 3,500–4,500 shoots per hectare.
**4.5 Intercropping**
In the first two years of new planting, intercrop legumes, dwarf crops, medicinal plants, or cash crops to improve land use and enhance soil fertility.
**4.6 Protection of Bamboo Forests**
In June, conduct crocheting by leaving 10 poles. Prohibit livestock from entering the area. Timely replant any dead or damaged bamboo. Monitor and control pests and diseases. Shake snow off the bamboo in winter to prevent snow pressure.
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