**1. Scope**
This standard outlines the cultivation conditions, afforestation techniques, tending management, and technical requirements for early harvest and high-quality bamboo shoots (as a trial). It is applicable to state-owned, collective, and self-employed bamboo farms, as well as farmers growing bamboo on any scale. Additionally, it serves as a reference for high-knot bamboo and chicken-feeding bamboo cultivation.
**2. Site Selection**
**2.1 Climate**
The ideal climate features an annual average temperature between 12°C and 16°C, with annual rainfall ranging from 1250 mm to 1800 mm. There should be significant rainfall in March–May and August–September to support healthy growth.
**2.2 Soil**
The soil should be sandy loam or red/yellow loam with a pH of 4.5 to 7.0. The soil depth must exceed 50 cm, and it should be loose, well-aerated, and well-drained to ensure proper root development.
**2.3 Topography**
The site should be located below 500 meters above sea level, with a slope less than 15 degrees. It should be on the leeward side, facing the sun, with ample sunlight, good accessibility, and proximity to hilly slopes near water sources.
**3. Afforestation Techniques**
**3.1 Land Preparation**
**3.1.1 Soil Preparation Method**: Clear the area, remove stones, and use tree rakes and bamboo rakes to loosen the soil thoroughly.
**3.1.2 Soil Depth**: The preparation depth should be at least 30 cm.
**3.1.3 Digging Holes**: Dig holes at a rate of 900–1500 per hectare, each measuring 60 cm wide, 40 cm long, and 40 cm deep.
**3.1.4 Ditching**: Create ditches that are 25 cm wide and 30 cm deep, spaced 10 meters apart.
**3.2 Selection of Mother Bamboo**
**3.2.1 Quality**: Choose healthy, vigorous mother bamboo with no signs of pests or diseases.
**3.2.2 Age**: Select mother bamboo that is 1–2 years old.
**3.2.3 Size**: The breast diameter should be between 2 cm and 4 cm.
**3.3 Excavation and Transportation of Mother Bamboo**
**3.3.1 Whip Selection**: Cut the whip to a length of 15–20 cm, ensuring that at least 5 strong buds remain intact. Avoid damaging the whip buds or roots. Black-colored or old-age whips should not be used.
**3.3.2 Soil Retention**: Ensure the root ball weighs more than 10 kg.
**3.3.3 Branches**: Leave 4–7 branches, trimming the tips carefully. Thick foliage may be lightly pruned if necessary.
**3.4 Afforestation Methods**
**3.4.1 Planting Technique**: Place the mother bamboo at a depth of 20–25 cm, ensuring the soil is compacted around the roots. Water regularly to maintain moisture and stabilize the plant.
**3.4.2 Planting Time**: The best time is from October to November, preferably before or after rain. Alternatively, planting can be done from late May to early June or from December to February during winter.
**3.4.3 Planting Density**: Maintain a density of 900–1500 plants per hectare.
**4. Management of Young Forests**
**4.1 Water Management**
After planting, if there is no rain for five consecutive days, each plant should be watered with 15 kg of water to keep the soil moist.
**4.2 Weeding and Soil Loosening**
Weed three times a year:
- In February, perform shallow weeding up to 10 cm, avoiding damage to the whip.
- In May–June, perform deep turning up to 30 cm.
- In September–October, loosen the soil to 20 cm.
**4.3 Fertilization**
Fertilize three times annually, combined with soil loosening. From the fourth year onward, follow forest standards.
**4.3.1 First Year (February)**: Apply 0.15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mother bamboo, placed in the ditch. Second year: 270 kg/ha; third year: 540 kg/ha.
**4.3.2 May–June (First Year)**: Apply 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer per mother bamboo. Second year: 450 kg/ha; third year: 900 kg/ha.
**4.3.3 September–October (First Year)**: Use 5 kg of human urine per mother bamboo, mixed with water and applied 2–4 times. Second year: 9 t/ha; third year: 18 t/ha.
**4.4 Retention of Mother Bamboo**
Avoid digging up large bamboo and instead focus on smaller shoots. Thin out weak shoots and retain only strong, uniform mother bamboo to accelerate forest establishment.
**4.4.1 First Year**: Allow 1–2 shoots per mother bamboo, leaving 1500–2500 shoots per hectare.
**4.4.2 Second and Third Years**: Allow 2–3 shoots per mother bamboo, maintaining 3500–4500 shoots per hectare.
**4.5 Intercropping**
In the first two years of new planting, intercrop with legumes, dwarf crops, medicinal plants, or cash crops to improve land use and promote soil fertility.
**4.6 Protection of Bamboo Forests**
In June, conduct crocheting and leave 10 stakes. Prohibit livestock from entering the area. Promptly replant any missing bamboo. Regularly monitor and control pests, and shake off snow in winter to prevent snow pressure.
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