The maize armyworm is a migratory and highly destructive pest that primarily affects corn during its seedling stage. This pest has a complex diet, with a particular preference for corn leaves. As the larvae feed, they create notches along the leaf edges, often leaving only the stalks behind. This feeding damage can severely reduce crop yield, sometimes leading to total loss if left unchecked.
The armyworm has strong reproductive capabilities, and females are selective about where they lay their eggs. They typically deposit them in the dead leaf tips of tall crops such as corn and sorghum. Once hatched, the larvae gather near the base of the plant, feeding on leaves and the tender parts of the whorl. By the third instar, the leaves become shortened, while the fifth instar is the most voracious, capable of completely consuming entire leaves. These pests are commonly found in the whorls of corn plants, as well as on the leaves and tassels of the ears.
A notable behavior of the armyworm is its "false death" response, where it curls up and appears lifeless when disturbed. After the third instar, some larvae may even self-mutilate, and those older than four instars are capable of migration, expanding the area of infestation. Larval activity peaks in the evening, early morning, and during rainy weather. Adult moths are attracted to nectar-rich plants and show a strong attraction to black light and sweet-sour liquid mixtures.
This pest thrives in warm and humid conditions. While moderate rainfall generally favors its development, heavy rain or sudden temperature drops can inhibit adult egg-laying. Cornfields that are densely planted, located in low-lying areas, or surrounded by weeds tend to experience more severe infestations.
To manage the maize armyworm, several control methods are available. Chemical control is effective when applied before the third instar. Options include 20% cypermethrin EC at 15–45 g per 50 kg of water, 5% chlorpyrifos at 1000–1500 times dilution, 40% fenpropathrin at 1500–2000 times, or 10% daidaiqing at 2000–2500 times. Ecological control involves using diflubenzuron (1–3 g/ha) during the early larval stage, which helps protect natural predators and minimizes environmental impact. Additionally, integrating black light traps and sweet-sour liquid baits during peak population periods can effectively reduce armyworm numbers.
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