Integrated prevention and control of coccidia in cultivation of coprinus comatus

The genus *Deinococcus* is actually a group of bacteria, not fungi, and it's often mistaken for being related to the "chicken claw" fungus, which is scientifically known as *Coprinus comatus*. However, *Deinococcus* is not a parasitic fungus of *C. comatus*; instead, it is a genus of extremophilic bacteria known for its resistance to radiation, desiccation, and other harsh conditions. While not directly harmful to *C. comatus*, certain pathogens can affect mushroom cultivation, and preventing their spread requires strict environmental control and hygiene practices. To ensure successful cultivation and minimize contamination, several key steps should be followed: **1. Preparation of Cultivation Materials** - **High-quality raw materials**: Use fresh, dry, and mold-free components to avoid introducing contaminants. - **Optimal formula**: - Option 1: 18% cottonseed hulls, 28% corn cobs, 35% mushroom waste, 10% bran, 3% cake meal, 1.5% gypsum, 1.3% compound fertilizer, 0.2% fungicide, 3% quicklime, and 60–65% water. - Option 2: 96% cottonseed hulls, 1% gypsum, 3% quicklime, and 60–65% water. - Option 3: 38% corn cobs, 37% cottonseed hulls, 10% bran, 10% corn flour, 1% sugar, 1% fertile soil, 3% quicklime, and 60–65% water. - **Fermentation before sterilization**: The mixture should turn brown, develop a pleasant aroma, and contain numerous actinomycetes with a pH between 7.5 and 8. After fermentation, sterilize by heating to 100°C for 8–10 hours. **2. Cultivation Methods and Precautions** - **Bag planting**: This method helps prevent the spread of mycelium and allows easier removal of infected bags. - **Environmental disinfection**: Spray or fumigate the growing area with 5% formaldehyde for 1–2 days before planting. - **Soil selection and treatment**: Choose clean, non-infested soil, expose it to sunlight for 2–3 days, then mix with 2% quicklime to sterilize and adjust pH. Treat each cubic meter with 2.5 kg of 5% formaldehyde and 200 times diluted dichlorvos, seal it for 1–2 days, and air it out before use. - **Water quality**: Ensure that irrigation water is clean and free from contamination. Lime can be used to maintain hygiene. - **Adequate ventilation**: High temperature and humidity can promote fungal growth, so proper airflow is essential. - **Avoid high temperatures**: *Coprinus comatus* spores thrive above 25°C, and infections are common in late spring, summer, and early autumn. The best time for cultivation is typically September to October. By following these guidelines, cultivators can significantly reduce the risk of contamination and improve the success rate of their mushroom farming operations.

Virus Specimen Collection Tube

Inspection principle:
It can perform protein denaturation on fresh clinical virus samples to inactivate the virus, prevent secondary transmission of infection, and ensure the safety of transportation and testing personnel.
♣.Structural composition: Combination of cotton swab and transport medium (VTM).
♣. Product requirements:
The product should be airtight, avoid high temperature, avoid direct sunlight storage. It should be used in a clean, hygienic, pollution-free, and temperature-friendly environment.
♣, Storage conditions and validity period:
â‘ , the product should be stored in a clean, dry and ventilated environment,
②, the temperature is 5℃-35℃;
â‘¢, relative humidity <85%RH;
â‘£, product shelf life: 12 months.
♣. How to use
â‘  Before sampling, mark relevant information on the label of the sampling tube.
â‘¡. Sampling with the corresponding cotton swabs.
â‘¢ After the collection is completed, quickly put the cotton swab into the collection tube, break the part higher than the sampling tube, and tighten the tube cover.
â‘£. For the specific sampling method, please refer to the following:
a) Nasal swab Gently insert the sampling head into the nasal cavity, stop for a while and then slowly rotate to exit, immerse the collected specimen in the Xiangxiang solution, break the excess part and discard it, and tighten the sampling tube cover.
b) Pharyngeal swab: Wipe bilateral pharyngeal tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall with the sampling head, immerse the collected specimen in the sampling solution, break off the excess part and discard it, and tighten the cap of the sampling tube.
c), Mycoplasma Chlamydia, Ureaplasma specimen collection
Male: Insert the sampling head into the urethra about 2cm and rotate, stay for a while and then exit, and immerse the collected specimen in the sampling solution.
Female: Wipe the mucus of the cervical orifice, insert the sampling tip into the cervical canal for 1-2 cm for sampling, immerse the collected specimen in the sampling solution, break off the excess part and discard it, and tighten the cap of the sampling tube.
♣. Precautions
1. After the virus is collected, the disposable sampling swab should be completely inserted into the preservation solution, so that the virus can be retained to the greatest extent possible.
â‘¡ The collected specimens must be sent for inspection in time.
â‘¢. It is forbidden to use products with damaged packaging and expired validity period to prevent pollution.
This single-use Virus Sampling Tube is used for in vitro diagnosis. It cannot be used for human or animal oral or external use. If swallowed, it may cause serious events; it is irritating to eyes and skin. If it is not splashed into the eyes, rinse with water.

Virus Sampling Tube,Virus Specimen Collection Tube,Viral Transport Tube,Saliva Virus Sampling Kit

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