White cucumber is a variety of cucumber, and the following are the main cultivation techniques currently applied:
1. Apply basic fertilizer to high-yield farmland, using 5,000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per 667 m², along with 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer and 20–50 kg of superphosphate. These should be evenly spread and incorporated into the soil to a depth of 25 cm. The ridges should be 1.1–1.2 meters wide to ensure good drainage and root development.
2. Timely sowing is crucial for strong seedlings. In the Huang-Huai River region, spring planting can begin in mid-March, while autumn planting is suitable from mid-June to late July. Seedlings can be raised using sawdust or other media that provide good ventilation, insulation, and moisture retention. This method helps seedlings emerge quickly and grow vigorously without damaging their roots. Strong seedlings should have a stem thickness of about 1 cm, short internodes, a leaf petiole length of around 10 cm, and 4–5 true leaves. The leaves should be green, broad, and not sharp, with a thick root system and white roots.
3. Proper planting density is essential for maximizing light utilization. White cucumbers have strong growth potential, so the row spacing should be 30 cm by 60 cm, allowing for approximately 3,700 plants per 667 m². This arrangement ensures efficient use of space and resources.
4. Scientific pruning is important for optimal yield. Since the main vines of this variety can produce fruit, it's generally not necessary to remove the growing tip during the early stages. When the main vine reaches the top of the trellis, the tip should be pinched back. For high-yield cultivation, the "one main and two sides" pruning method is recommended. This encourages even distribution of growth on the trellis, improving light exposure and nutrient synthesis.
5. Effective management of water and fertilizer is key throughout the growth cycle. During the early stage, the focus should be on controlling excessive growth to promote strong root development. Watering should be done after the plants have established themselves to avoid overgrowth and delayed fruiting. During the flowering stage, a "control" approach is needed, while during the fruiting period, more nutrients should be provided. Top dressing should be done frequently but in small amounts. After the first harvest, apply a mixture of urea (8 kg per 667 m²) or ammonium bicarbonate (20 kg per 667 m²), alternating with irrigation to maintain steady production and high yields.
6. Pest and disease control is vital. Common diseases include downy mildew, anthracnose, and powdery mildew. These can be treated with fungicides such as Difenoconazole, Mancozeb, Metalaxyl, and Triadimefon. For insect pests like aphids, melonworms, and thrips, insecticides such as Dimethoate, Neem oil, Trichlorfon, and Beta-cypermethrin are effective. Regular monitoring and timely application are essential to prevent outbreaks.
7. Harvesting should be done at the right time. White cucumbers are typically harvested when the fruit is tender, with a certain length and thickness, and before the seeds and skin harden. Delayed harvesting reduces quality and can hinder the development of subsequent fruits, especially for root cucumbers, which should be picked slightly earlier. On average, white cucumbers can yield 3,000–4,000 kg per 667 m².
By following these techniques, farmers can achieve healthy plant growth, high productivity, and superior fruit quality.
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