1 Nutritional level of brooding and breeding cockerels Nutritional components of cock feed should follow the principles of low protein and high quality, ie, the energy requirement of cock is basically the same as that of hens, and the protein level is lower than that of laying hens 16%-18%. Nutrition levels, normal 12% - 14% protein levels can meet the needs of the rooster. However, the quality is better, and the composition of various amino acids should be reasonable. A certain amount of animal protein feeds such as high-quality fishmeal and fish refined powder can be added to the feed. The data show that the use of metabolic energy 11.1-12.1MJ/kg, protein content brooding period 16% -18%, breeding period 12% -14% of the diet can basically meet the growing period needs. According to Willson (1981), it is also proved that feeding the same type of broiler chickens with the protein content of 9% and 12%, respectively, has a slight impact on the body weight, but the testicles are heavy and each time Quantity and sperm density are not affected. Therefore, they advocate the breeding of male meat cockerel, starting from 6 weeks of age with low protein diet. 2 Nutritional level of male cockerels at the mating stage Currently, domestic cockerels used for artificial insemination use more hens. Due to the lack of attention to the cultivation of rooster during the breeding period, when the quality of the breeding semen cannot meet the needs, freshly added protein feeds are added blindly, and sometimes eggs, milk powder, fish meal, etc. are also added. The result is counter-productive and raises the cost of feeding. Causes waste. Roosters feeding on excessive amounts of protein can cause a dramatic increase in ketones in the blood of roosters. The tendency to acidosis increases significantly, which in turn consumes blood to compensate for the basic metabolites of proteins and reduce vitamin levels in the body. It also destroys calcium and phosphorus metabolism due to acidosis. There are symptoms such as osteochondrosis and "gout", which reduces semen quality and insemination ability. 2.1 Energy and Protein Requirements of Roosters In the former Soviet Union's Poultry Nutrition Standards (1985 edition), the metabolic energy of artificially inseminated egg-type breeders was 11.7 MJ/kg, crude protein content was 18%, and the metabolic energy of meat-type breeders was 11.7 MJ/kg, crude protein content 14%. Hocking (1988) tested a single-cage fed 22- to 24-week-old male rooster and consumed only 1.38 MJ/kg of metabolite energy per day. The protein supply was 10.0 g/17.6 g/mouse, respectively. The result was that when the daily intake of protein was lower than 10.3 g/body, body weight decreased, but semen volume and sperm motility had no effect, while sperm density was negatively correlated with protein level. And the cock with the highest protein content showed typical joint gout symptoms. Institute of Feed Science, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huo Qiguang et al. (1991) used a rooster that bred 29-36 weeks old medium-sized layer chickens to show that metabolomic energy of 11.53 MJ/kg (equivalent to 2755 kcal/kg) was used for the breeding period of medium-sized laying hens. Protein, 1:2.5%, 0.55% lysine, 0.45% thiamine, and 1.0% dietary calcium do not adversely affect reproductive performance and body weight. The above-mentioned research reports indicate that the breeding requirements of breeding males are lower than those of breeding hens. No matter whether it is a meat type or an egg type rooster, the metabolic energy of 10.9-12.1 MJ/kg and the protein of 11%-12% of the diet have no adverse effects on the reproductive performance of the rooster. Although the weight of roosters fed on low-protein diets is somewhat reduced, not only is it harmless, but it is beneficial to maintaining the normal condition of the roosters, especially for meat-type roosters. In the practice of artificial insemination, if The frequency of sperm collection is high during the cropping period, and 12% to 14% of the protein diet is recommended. The amino acid balanced diet does not require any animal protein feed. 2.2 The study of the requirements for calcium and phosphorus reported that the amount of calcium in breeder cocks was 1.0%-3.7%, and phosphorus 0.65%-0.80% had no adverse effects on reproductive performance. The recommended calcium dosage in practice is 1.5%. 2.3 Requirements for vitamins The vitamin requirements of breeder chickens raised by breeding companies and feed companies are now 2-10 times higher than those of NRC (8th edition) standards. Therefore, the actual production should be based on the standards set by the relevant breeding companies. To adjust the amount of vitamins used for the roosters. Based on comprehensive research data, it is recommended that the range of vitamins used for breeding males be as follows: Each kilogram diet contains vitamin A10000-20000IU, vitamin D32000-3850IU, vitamin C0.05-0.15g, vitamin E20-40mg. 3 Zinc and zinc participate in a series of physiological processes and are components of various enzymes. Zinc deficiency will make the embryos and joints hypertrophy, the egg production of the hens will decrease, the hatching rate of the hatching eggs will decrease, and the zinc deficiency will also have a serious impact on the reproductive performance of the breeder. For the zinc requirement, 50-100 mg of zinc per kilogram of feed can be used to meet the normal physiological requirements of the rooster.
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