American iron pepper is the best dried pepper variety for processing and exporting natural pigments. It has the characteristics of high pigment content, good market conditions and high economic benefits. Our group has a large area of ​​trial planting. The general yield is 200-250 kg/666.7 square meters, and the market price is 6 yuan/kg, which is a very promising economic crop. . I. Characteristics: The variety is a mid-late-maturing variety with strong plant growth and strong ability to produce results. More resistant to disease, the fruit is long horned, smooth fruit surface, thick skin, dark red skin, about 20-25 cm long, transverse diameter of about 5 to 6 cm, dry pepper fruit weight 7-8 grams, single plant fruit 8 -10. Second, cultivation techniques 1, land selection. Choose a deep soil, water retention fertilizer, soil fertility, 2-3 years have not planted Solanaceae crop land. It is better to use wheat, melon and legume crops. 2. Level land. Autumn plowing autumn irrigation, before the winter power level, to the ground, soil broken, edge Qi. After the opening of the spring, the power leveling and pressurizing operation was performed in a double-pass operation, manual leveling, and picking up the waste film to reach the waiting state. 3, ridging furrows. The ditch is opened from the end of March to the beginning of April, and the ditch is 1.2 meters. The ditch surface is flat, finely crushed, clean and tidy, and the error of height and width cannot exceed 5-8 cm. The film should be straight and even, the film surface should be flat, and the lighting surface should be good. 4, timely broadcast. At the end of March to April 5, artificial holes were made on demand. The sowing line is 5-8 cm from the edge of the ditch, and the depth of sowing is 1.5-2 cm. 6-8 seeds per hole, tightly covered with soil. 5, rational close planting. Field cultivation and plot experiments showed that 6500-6800 plants/666.7 m2 of ramie seedlings were suitable for every cubic meter of hole and two plants per hole. 6, with a good fertilizer, suitable fertilizer. (1) Seed Fertilizer: Apply 8 kg/666.7 square meters of three materials in combination with ditching, 8 kg of diammonium phosphate, pay attention to fertilization to be applied 8-10 cm away from the ditch, and apply a depth of 10-15 cm. (2) Topdressing: According to the target yield and fertilizer requirements and the growth of field plants, the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be properly matched, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus should be 1:1.5. Topdressing time, before the arrival of the Zanthoxylum period, our area is generally around June 25th, applying 10-12 kg of diammonium phosphate per 666.7 m2, 12-14 kg of urea and 2-3 kg of potassium fertilizer. Between 10-15 cm from the pepper plant, open the ditch or manually drill holes. The total amount of fertilizer in the whole period is 40-45 kg. (3) foliar dressing: After entering people in August, the root system of pepper plants developed, leaves, fruit covered body, and then to top-dressing is not appropriate, so when there is a lack of fertilizer, you can use foliar fertilizer to remedy. The foliar dressing with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 g + urea 100 g / 666.7 square meters spray, can also be used 1 kg diammonium phosphate after soaking +50 kg water / 666.7 square meters spray, spray once every 10 days, even spray 2 - 3 times can be effective. 7. Use of plant growth regulators. The nutrient regulators that are suitable for the growth of peppers, which are sprayed during the bud stage of peppers, can promote fruit set, accelerate the growth of pepper fruits and prevent shedding, and can increase production by 8-10%. 8, timely irrigation. Plants at seedling stage are short and need less water. Normally the plots do not need irrigation, and they need to be seedlings for about 30-40 days to promote the development of roots, reduce the position of pepper, and resist lodging. When the peppers enter the flowering pepper season, more water is needed, so when the pepper plant appears wilting state, should be timely irrigation, otherwise it will cause falling, falling pepper, seriously affecting the yield. Iron plate pepper irrigation, the need for more times, the amount of irrigation is small, to infiltration irrigation, flood irrigation is strictly prohibited, try to avoid the base of the flooded pepper strain. In the middle and late irrigation, according to the growth of pepper plants, the degree of field closure, control of irrigation, see dry see wet pepper fields, the whole growing period of irrigation 4 to 5 times is appropriate. The water stop time should be based on the growth of pepper in the field, the pepper plant grows prosperous, and the field permeability is poor. It is necessary to stop the water as early as possible. It is generally appropriate to stop water at the end of August and early September. 9, to promote the top technology. Topping the pepper is a new cultivation and management technique. According to experiments, the top of the pepper can increase the ventilation and light transmission in the field, promote the normal differentiation of the main branch, and is beneficial to the multi-junction pepper, the big pepper, and the nutrient concentration. Provide effective sticks and pepper fruit, ensure normal coloring and ripening of peppers, reduce immature green peppers, and increase commercial fruit. The time to top is usually August 10-15. The method of topping, use scissors to cut off the tops of all branches, immediately after topping, use a 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 500 times solution to mix and spray with each 666.7 square meters of 10 grams of dilute amine to seal the top. Control growth. Third, disease, insects, pest control l, iron plate pepper pests and diseases are mainly two diseases and insects. Epidemics and virus diseases are particularly harmful to peppers. Once they occur, they can reduce the production of peppers by 20-30% or even eliminate them. The insect is a second-grained cotton bollworm (Pinus carinii), which drills inside the pepper fruit and feeds on the seeds to form a white peel on the pepper. The hazard rate is as high as 20%. 2. Agricultural control: (1) Use 40% formalin 100 times solution, or 10% trisodium phosphate solution to soak seeds for 20 minutes. After cleansing with clean water and sowing, these two methods can reduce the epidemic of contaminated seeds. (2) Rotation is done to prevent heavy plucking and appropriate interplanting to reduce the source of the disease. (3) increase organic fertilizer, reasonable ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, cultivating strong seedlings, improve plant disease resistance. (4) In the seedling stage and fruit stage, spray 0.1% zinc sulfate solution 2-3 times. (5) Timely prevention and control of aphids and cut off transmission mediators. 3. Chemical control: (1) Apply 20% virus A wettable powder 400-500 times at the beginning of the disease, spray once every 7 days, and spray 2-3 times. (2) 20% virus WP 100-120 g / 666.7 m2, diluted 500 times, foliar spray. (3) Prevention and treatment of cotton bollworms (sinus borealis) can be used to kill 25 grams of chrysanthemum / 666.7 square meters, spray in the late July, even against 2-3 times. Fourth, timely harvest 1, our district generally at the end of September, early October harvest is better, this time the pepper has been fully cooked, bright color, dry pepper quality is good, before the arrival of the dry season is advisable, too late is not easy to dry dry. 2, the roots of the pepper plant uprooted, if it is really hard to pull out of drought, with a razor knife root cut can also be. The more rhizomes the better, can be used for pepper fruit to absorb nutrients from the straw, increase the thickness, redness and luster of the pepper skin. Unplug the fresh pepper strains, and then transport them to the drying field. After the roots are down, place them by vertical ridges for 5 to 7 days (pay attention to ventilation and ventilation), shake off the pepper leaves, turn them upside down, and dry them upwards. 5 to 7 days. When the stalks are stalked and stalked, the stalks are sloping and they are 1 meter high and they are ridged. When the peppers reach the level of airlessness and the hands are not turned, they can be picked and sold in stages. 3, direct harvest pepper fruit. In order to improve product quality, it is necessary to avoid harvesting of white skin, flowers and fruit, and mixing of yellow fruit, green fruit, and red fruit in the harvesting process. When picking gently, do not squeeze the pepper, damage the waxy layer of pepper fruit, affect the quality of dry pepper. After the directly harvested pepper fruit is transported to the drying field, it must be promptly dried, first tiled and air-dried, and the thin-walled, preferably divided-by-open, 5-7 days after the sun, once even turning 2 or 3 times. 80% dry when playing piles, avoid heaping pressure, keep the pile of fluffy breathable, prevent mildew. It is forbidden to dry on the cement floor, otherwise it will affect the color of the dry peppers, the appearance of shell peppers, and reduce the quality of dry peppers. China Agricultural Network Editor
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