Non-pollution greenhouse watermelon early maturity and high yield cultivation techniques

First, the scaffolding structure and specifications of the greenhouse is best to use the north-south direction, the lighting effect will be better, the standard span of 6 meters, the shed is 1.8 meters high, the length is not limited. Second, species selection Watermelon varieties should be selected for early maturation, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, good quality good varieties, such as Zheng Za 5, disease-resistant Su Mi, medium-maturing varieties of special Daqing Hongbao, stock selection Southern No. 1 and Southern No. 2 gourd seeds. Third, nursery 1, nutrient soil preparation Take many years have not been planted melon crops of Daejeon soil (slightly sticky) 6 copies, after fully cooked rot high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer or ring fertilizer 4 pieces, will be broken through the sieve into Mixed soil, each side of the mixture of soil added superphosphate 1 ~ 1.5 kg, 1.5 ~ 2 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 ~ 50 kg of plant ash, 50% carbendazim WP 80 g, 50% ketamine WP 80 g , 3% Carbofuran granules 0.25 kg, fully blended and mixed into the nutrients (specification is 10 cm 8 cm, the market for sale). Put the nutrients one by one into a nursery pot with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 15 centimeters and arrange them closely. Fill the middle crevices with fine soil, irrigate the water, cover the mulch, cover the arch sheds and grass rakes, and increase the ground temperature. broadcast. 2, soaking Seed germination before infestation drying species 2 ~ 3 days, remove the deformed seeds, diseased seeds, alfalfa seeds, in order to increase the germination rate and germination potential. After drying, put it in clean water and wash it by hand several times to remove the mucous membrane attached to the husk of the melon husk, and soak the seeds with 10% disodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes to disinfect the seeds and wash them with clean water. Then soak it in warm water of 25-30 degrees Celsius for 6-8 hours, drain the water, and spread the seeds on the towels (1 to 2 layers thick) that have been wrung out after soaking. The temperature is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius warm water wash 2 times, 2 to 3 days to germinate. The rootstock seeds can be treated in the same way as above, and can be carried out 1 week in advance. In the middle of December, the seeds can be soaked and germinated. 3, sowing and seedbed management When the bud attack 0.5 ~ 1 cm, seedlings can be sown. Before sowing, first soak nutrient soil. After infiltration, put the seeds of germinated rootstock into the middle of the nutrition bowl, and pour in the small hole with the depth of about 0.5cm by hand, and one grain per hole. Watermelon seeds can be broadcast directly in nursery pots. After the sowing is completed, a thin layer of wet nutrient soil is applied to the entire surface of the planter to form a smooth surface, then a layer of film is covered, a small arch shed is covered, and the grass canopy is covered at night, so that the daytime temperature is maintained at 28 to 32 degrees Celsius. At 16-18 degrees Celsius at night, the humidity is maintained at about 75%. At noon every day, a small watering can be used to pour water. When the shoots are unearthed, remove the thin film on the surface and keep the membrane. IV. Grafting 1. Grafting method When the cotyledons of the rootstock are flattened, they can be grafted when the leaves are in one heart. Can use splicing method. The specific approach is to remove rootstock seedlings from the seedbed, first use bamboo sticks to remove rootstock growth points, remove axillary buds, retain the lower part of the apex, remove them from the axillary buds, retain the lower part of the apex, make it platform-like, and then use the blade to It is chamfered up and down at an angle of 45 degrees and is about 1 cm deep, which is half the diameter of the hypocotyl. And then select vigorously disease-free watermelon seedlings, about 1.5 cm below the cotyledons, tapering about 0.8 cm of wedge-shaped incisions from top to bottom at an angle of about 30 degrees, and gently inserting the scion into the rootstock incisions. For the cuts of two good seedlings, they are tightly combined and the two cotyledons are parallel. Immediately, they are fixed with grafting clips and placed in the nursery pots. 2. The temperature tube after grafting tightly closes the small arch shed for 3 to 4 days after grafting, so that the daytime temperature is maintained at 28 to 32 degrees Celsius, the night temperature is above 18 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%. After 3 to 4 days, the air can be gradually ventilated. Light, temperature and humidity can also be reduced appropriately. When the temperature is maintained at 22-25 degrees Celsius during the day and 13-15 degrees Celsius at night, remove the small arch shed and remove the graft clip. When the seedlings grow to 3 to 4 leaves, they can be transplanted. V. Management after planting and planting 1. Fine soil preparation, rational fertilization and deep-turning of land before winter, can spread high-quality chicken manure or farmyard fertilizer 4 to 5 square meters per acre, urea 20 to 30 kg, superphosphate 50 ~ 75 kg, potassium sulfate 15 kg, cooked rot cake fertilizer 10 kg as the base fertilizer, with 15% aldicarb Granules 1 ~ 1.5 kg mixed soil applicator to prevent underground pests. 2. For transplanting, 3 plants shall be used for soil preparation. The middle plant shall have a width of 1 meter and the width of the plant shall be 2 meters on both sides. After the planting is complete, 48kg of trifluralin EC may be used to chemically weed 50kg of sprayed and shallowly mixed soil. In mid-February, when the seedlings were 3 to 4 leaves, they chose to plant in sunny days. Before the transplanting, you can pour a large amount of water. Two rows of plants were planted in the middle of each side, with a spacing of about 3 meters, 30 to 35 centimeters of plant spacing, and 600 to 700 planted acres. When planting, strip the nutrition bag, and pour enough water after planting. After the water infiltration is finished, cover and level the soil with wet soil. Immediately after planting, cover a layer of plastic film, cover the membrane, cover the grass and cover the greenhouse at night, and close the greenhouse. Moisturizing with insulation. 3, after the planting management, no ventilation within 10 days after planting, in order to heat the seedlings. During the day, grasshoppers can be removed to increase the temperature, and in the evening they can be covered with insulation. After easing the seedling temperature, when the temperature in the shed reaches 30 degrees Celsius or more during the day, a small amount of air may be released to maintain the temperature at about 25 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is controlled at about 20 degrees Celsius. After half-time use, the water can be poured one time. With the increase of the outside temperature, when the night temperature in the shed is around 15 degrees Celsius, it can hold the weeds. When the night temperature in the shed reaches 12 degrees Celsius, a small shed can be removed. During the day, the temperature is maintained at 25-28 degrees Celsius, the night temperature is stable at 13 degrees Celsius, and the humidity in the shelter is 65%-75%. 4, fertilizer and water management in the watermelon tree top dressing 1, the side of the melon line about 50 cm open about 10 cm deep ditch, per acre topped cooked cake fat 70 to 100 kg, urea 4 to 5 kg, potassium sulfate 4 ~ 5 kg. In the watermelon enlargement period, the second topdressing is applied, and 10 to 15 kg of compound fertilizer per acre is applied. After top dressing, a large amount of water may be poured. After that, water may be combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.2% to 0.5. % Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed on the leaves and sprayed once every 7-10 days. When the watermelon is nearing maturity, stop watering to increase the sugar content of the watermelon. 5, double vine pruning to take two vines pruning method, the two sides of the main vines in the same direction to pull, every 10 cm, with two small sticks cross pressure vines to make it directional growth, the introduction of from the quail (that is, the middle pimple) . At the same time, the selection of a strong vine between the 3rd and 5th leaves of the main vine also caused it to grow directionally and remove the remaining side vines to conserve nutrients and promote melon enlargement. 6, artificial pollination and selected to stay in the shed because of no wind and insect activity, watermelon can not be self-pollination, fruit set rate is low, must be artificially assisted pollination. General removal of the main vine first female flower, when the main vine 2 to 3 female tea is open, can be in the sunny morning 7 to 9 o'clock, cloudy days 8 to 10 hours when artificial pollination. The specific approach is to remove the male flower that is about to open, remove the petal and torus, expose the male stamen, gently apply the stamen to the pistil technique, and mark the pollination date with the mark. When larvae and eggs to the size of each plant in time to choose to leave a good fruit shape, well-developed young larvae, about the vine in the 12th to 14th leaves. The main vine can be sprained from 15 to 17 leaves to control the length and promote melon enlargement. 7, timely control of pests and diseases in greenhouses Watermelon pests are mainly locusts, thrips, leaf miners, red spiders and underground pests. Diseases mainly include trips, blight, diseases, anthrax, powdery mildew, leaf spot, and downy mildew. Prevention and control of pests and diseases shall adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures combining agricultural control and chemical control. Agricultural control for crop rotation, adding organic fertilizer, control, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements, selection of disease-resistant varieties; seed and seedbed soil disinfection. Chemical control available organophosphorus, pyrethroids, acaricides, carbendazim, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, fungicides, antivirals, schizophrenia, triadimefon, agro streptomycin, yellow Fungicide and other fungicides are alternately used for rotation, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, the effect is very good. 8, the harvest of watermelons listed in greenhouses generally about 28 days after pollination can be mature, should be timely harvest, supply the market. Afterwards, we will continue to strengthen fertilizer and water management, and we will be able to harvest two or three melons. China Agricultural Network Editor

Vegetables

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