In recent years, with the expansion of the eggplant area, the land will not open the mouthwash, and the pathogenic bacteria in the soil will increase. In addition, the onset conditions of low temperature will increase verticillium wilt in eggplant year by year. In general years, the incidence rate is 40-50%, and in severe years, the incidence rate is more than 70%, which results in a significant reduction in eggplant production, and even no harvest. Eggplant Verticillium wilt has been regarded as an incurable disease and has become difficult to control. Prevention of verticillium wilt in eggplant is a guarantee of high yield and income of eggplant. First, eggplant verticillium wilt disease mostly occurs after the fruit of the eggplant and fruit set, and the number of diseased plants in the fruit period increases dramatically. At the early stage of disease, the middle and lower leaves of the plant chlorosis on the veins or leaf margins gradually developed upwards, leaving half of the branches and leaves yellow and dead, and the fruit rigidity was not long. Therefore, it is also called half crazy. When it is severe, all of them die and the leaves fall off and become light rods. Peel the cortex of the rhizome, and it turns out that the vascular bundle becomes brown, so it is also called black heart disease. Second, the incidence of onset conditions and climate, cultivation conditions are closely related. 1. Climatic conditions: Temperature is an important factor affecting the occurrence of diseases. The general temperature of 20-25 °C, wet and heavy onset. The temperature is above 28°C and the disease is suppressed. From the time of eggplant colonization to the flowering stage, the more days the daily average temperature is below 15°C, the earlier the disease becomes heavier. Therefore, low temperature is a major factor in the severity of illness. 2, cultivation conditions: low-lying terrain, soil viscosity, saline-alkali land, continuous cropping for many years, low ground temperature, planting roots, planting too thin, cold water irrigation, etc., can accelerate the occurrence of Verticillium wilt. Third, the prevention and control methods based on the selection of disease-resistant varieties, adhere to the combination of cultivation measures prevention and chemical control, is an effective measure to prevent Verticillium wilt disease. 1. Selection of disease-resistant cultivars showed that all leaves have oblong or pointed shapes, there are nicks in the leaf margins, and there are many leaf-filled hairs, and the varieties with dark green or purple leaves are more resistant to disease. For instance, Guozhuang Long Eggplant, Black Purple Eggplant King, and species of inked eggplant are more resistant to Verticillium wilt. 2. Cultivate measures Prevent and treat 1 round of dumping: In the early years of the crop, such as eggplant, pepper, tomato, Potato, melon, sesame, and soybeans, do not neighbor the solanaceous crops. It is best to choose Onion and Garlic to grow eggplant. 2 Deep-thickening fertilizer: Mushi's maturity of high-quality fertilizer 5-6 cubic meters, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, urea 10-15 kg, potassium fertilizer 10-15, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, avoid application of raw manure. It is necessary to deepen the details and make sure that the body is full. 3 Application of NEB mycorrhiza: NEB mycorrhiza is a high-tech product in the United States, which can increase the roots of crops by 5-20 times, thereby expanding the range of absorption of nutrients and moisture by several dozen times, which is better than that of grafted shoots. At the same time, the bacillus screen can secrete a large amount of antibiotics (ie, bactericides) to kill harmful bacteria, so that the crops have no or little yellowish wilt. If you have a hospital with yellow disease, after using NEB to irrigate it, you have the effect of getting back to life. How to use: Use NEB5 bag when planting, mix fertilizer or add water to soil. It doesn't matter how you use it in the soil. 4 reasonable close planting: planting row spacing 5030 cm, 4000 acres of planting seedlings. 5 improve the quality of colonization: eggplant colonization should adhere to the "four no": that is, colonization is not too early, when the soil temperature is stable at 15 centimeters above the 10 centimeters, the choice of sunny weather and planting; seedlings to bring large bandits, so do not hurt Roots; no midday sunburning seedlings, seedlings in the morning and evening as well; planting seedlings can not be too deep, the depth of the seedlings to 4-5 cm is appropriate. After planting the seedlings, it is best to add a small shed. 6 Clever water and fertilizer: In the early stage of eggplant growth in the north in June, the ground temperature is too low to cause an outbreak of Verticillium wilt. From mid-July to mid-August, during the high temperature season, it is necessary to pour water in small quantities so that the soil does not dry out, reduce rooting, and control the disease. After the fruit is planted on the door, the fertilizer is applied 2-3 times, each time 10 to 15 kg of nitrogen is chased by the mu, so that the plants are robust and the disease resistance is enhanced. 3, chemical control: According to the test, in the incidence of eggplant Verticillium wilt, with Wong Wei 70% WP 600-800 times Irrigation root prevention, each strain of irrigating solution 100 ml, can control Verticillium wilt. In the early stage of disease, the root canal is treated with 600-800 times of the root of yellow rot. Each irrigating solution is 100 ml, once per 5-7 days, and it can be irrigated for 2-3 times. The diseased plant can quickly recover and the effect of increasing yield is significant.
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