Drinking water is no less important than normal breeding techniques for keeping dairy cows healthy and producing high milk production. Dairy cows have good drinking water conditions, and their milk production can be increased by 6% to 10%; if the use of automatic drinkers milk production can increase 14% to 19%.
87% of the milk component is water. Therefore, the level of milk production depends to a large extent on the intake of water. Sometimes even if there is no problem with the diet, milk production may be reduced by 18% due to water alone. ~20%. The quality of water is very important for dairy cows. In general, water quality affects the intake, health status and production performance of dairy cows. Water is one of the most important nutrients often overlooked in dairy cows, and its importance is second only to oxygen. Therefore, in dairy cow production, we must pay attention to the role of water. It is extremely important to observe the drinking conditions of dairy cows and carry out analysis and research.
Dairy cows need a lot of drinking water. Generally cows drink 100 liters to 150 liters a day in summer and 50 liters to 70 litres in winter. The cows need water from drinking water, feed water, and metabolic water from organic matter. Among them, drinking water is the most important. About 83% of the milk of cows is obtained through drinking water. The amount of milk consumed by dairy cows is affected by milk production, dry matter intake, climatic conditions, diet composition, water quality, and the physiological status of the cows.
What are the measures to increase milk consumption for dairy cows?
Ensure sufficient drinking water
Conditional dairy farms (households) can install automatic drinkers in the cowsheds and on-site to allow cows to drink as needed. It has been observed that cows have an average drinking water of about 7 to 10 times a day, and dry cows 4 to 5 times a day. If there is no automatic drinking fountain, you can also water regularly every day, usually 3 times - 4 times a day, 5 times - 6 times a day in summer, a sink should be set in the stadium to ensure fresh and clean drinking water supply. The drinking trough should be set within 15 meters of the feeding trough. Dairy cows drink more water after feeding but cannot drink water before eating juicy feed.
Ensure drinking water hygiene
(1) The water source is not contaminated. The water source of dairy farms should avoid pesticide plants, chemical plants, slaughterhouses, etc. The best source of water is tap water. No tap water is available for well water and river water. When using river water, water must be precipitated and disinfected before drinking. Generally, add 6g-10g of bleach per cubic meter of water or
0.2 grams of poisoning treatment; well water selection, the best is deep well water, wells should be sealed and sealed to prevent dirt, sewage into.
(2) The water quality meets the requirements. The quality of dairy cow drinking water includes five aspects: 1 sensory (odor and taste); 2 biochemical characteristics (pH, total soluble solids, total dissolved oxygen and hardness); 3 toxic and hazardous content (heavy metals, toxic minerals, Organophosphorus compounds, hydrocarbons); 4 Mineral content (nitrate, sodium, sulfate, and iron); 5 Number of bacteria required to measure water quality every year, including number of bacteria, mineral content, nitrate content, pH, etc. the above.
Generally meet the requirements of the quality of drinking water, the number of E. coli per liter of water does not exceed 10, the pH value of 7.0 to 8.5; water hardness of 10 degrees to 20 degrees and so on. To ensure good water quality, drinking water should be monitored regularly. Excessive hardness of the water can generally take cold water to reduce its hardness. In high-fluorine areas, aluminum sulfate and magnesium hydroxide can be added to drinking water to reduce the fluorine content.
The content of solids in water is an important indicator of water quality. Good water quality, low solid content
At 2.5g/l, if it exceeds 10g/l, it is not drinkable. Concentrations of sodium chloride in water higher than 2% are toxic. Water should not contain toxic substances such as lead, arsenic and pesticides. Cattle should also not drink water grown from dark algae, as six species of algae have been found to have potential poisoning factors.
(3) Ensure the hygiene of drinking water appliances. Drinking water appliances should be kept clean, washed daily and regularly sterilized. In addition, the situation of the sinks on the sports grounds of dairy cows can not be neglected, but it is also necessary to perform daily flushing and regular disinfection.
Ensure the temperature of drinking water
Cows have very strict temperature requirements for drinking water. According to research, dairy cows with a live weight of 400 kilograms drink close to 45 liters of ice water at 0°C. From this time on, water temperature rises to body temperature and consumes 15% of the total energy of feed. Therefore, the cold water not only consumes more calories, but also causes gastrointestinal tract. It is cold, easy to cause disease and lead to miscarriage of pregnant cows. The trial also showed that in the winter and spring seasons, drinking water at 8.5°C for cows increased by 8.7% compared to drinking water at 1.5°C; drinking water and drinking water at 10°C to 15°C for cows at temperatures of 2°C to 6°C. Pool of cold water
In comparison, milk production can be increased by 9%. Therefore, it is forbidden to drink milk and snow water for cows. However, too high a drinking temperature can be detrimental to cows. In the wintertime, drinking cow's warm water at a temperature of 20°C for a long time will weaken the body of the cow, which is manifested as a decrease in digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is prone to catch a cold. Therefore, the suitable temperature of drinking water is: adult dairy cow 12 °C ~ 14 °C; milk producing pregnant cow is 15 °C ~ 16 °C; 1 month old calf 35 °C ~ 38 °C.
To ensure the number of drinking water and scientific drinking water
In spring and autumn and winter, cows drink 2 to 3 times, and high-yielding cows can increase the number of drinking water appropriately. In summer, due to the need of cooling cows, drinking water may be 2 to 3 times the amount of normal drinking water, and require drinking cool water or adding some heat-stress resistant drugs such as baking soda, vitamin C or mung bean soup in drinking water. Increase milk production. Adult cows need 3 liters to 3.5 liters of water for each kilo of dry matter fed. The installation of automatic drinking fountains in the homes can consume 18% more water than drinking water outside the home, and 3.5% more milk is produced. Drinking water 10 times a day with an automatic drinker, 2/3 on white
Day, 1/3 at night (17 am to 3 am). Therefore, most cattle farms set up automatic drinkers in order to meet the cow's drinking water requirements.
Postpartum cows should be fed warm brown sugar bran water. Its formula is: 10 liters of water plus 1 kilogram of bran, 60 grams of salt, 1 kilogram to 2 kilograms of brown sugar, 1 kilogram of Motherwort or Motherwort ointment to supplement the loss of water from cows, maintain the health of dairy cows and prevent postpartum constipation.
Water in the diet
The moisture content of the whole mixed ration can be adjusted to 55% to 57% to increase the water intake of dairy cows and avoid the partial eclipse of dairy cows. In the winter, some fine ingredients can also be brewed into boiled porridge for drinking by cows. Significantly increase milk production. Advocate drinking water method, usually wheat bran, corn flour, bean cake powder, etc., in a ratio of 1:10 into a paste for cattle to drink. Experiments showed that in the winter and spring seasons, the induced drinking water group increased milk production by 12.65% compared with the control group, and increased by 16.8% in summer and autumn.
Avoid charging water
Water in the water will affect the drinking water of the cows, and care should be taken to determine and adjust the conductivity of the water. Cattle farmers should be aware that many factors can affect the drinking of dairy cows, and new ways to increase milk consumption should be studied.
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