| What is relative humidity?     The ratio between the water vapor content in the air and the saturated water vapor content at the same temperature. Explain in detail: the relative humidity of the wet air with a pressure of P and the temperature T is the ratio of the mole fraction of water vapor in a given humid air to the molar fraction of saturated water on the surface of pure water at the same temperature T and pressure P. The percentage is expressed. Relative humidity is the ratio of two pressure values: %RH = 100 x p/ps Here p is the actual partial pressure of water vapor in the surrounding environment; ps is the saturation pressure of water in the surrounding environment, and the relative humidity sensor is usually calibrated at standard room temperature (above 0 degrees), correspondingly, usually It is believed that such a sensor can indicate relative humidity at all temperatures (including below 0 degrees) and ice will produce a lower vapor pressure than liquid water. Therefore, when liquid water appears in the form of ice, condensation occurs when the relative humidity is less than 100%. | 　 |
Relative humidity balance    Hygroscopic substances strive to maintain a balance between their own humidity and the humidity of their surroundings. The water in the material produces a vapor pressure (PM) on its surface, and the water in the surrounding atmosphere also produces a vapor pressure (P). If PM is the same as P, the substance achieves a relative humidity balance with its environment. Any difference between PM and P produces a humidity exchange that causes a change in the moisture content of the material until a relative humidity balance is reached. Therefore, the relative humidity balance of a substance is defined as the relative humidity in the surrounding atmosphere that does not cause moisture exchange. (The humidity of the atmosphere must be greater than the humidity of the material) Vapor pressure and relative humidity |
The vapor pressure (e) is the partial pressure of water vapor in atmospheric pressure and is measured in hundred Pascals as well as the pressure. Previously, the pressure and vapor pressure were often measured in millimeters of mercury column, 1 bara = 0.75008 mm mercury column. The partial pressure at which water vapor reaches saturation at a certain temperature is called saturated vapor pressure (E). The saturated vapor pressure increases rapidly with increasing temperature.
Absolute humidity (a) refers to the mass of water vapor contained in a unit volume of humid air, that is, the water vapor density in air, in grams per cubic centimeter or kilograms per square meter. Absolute humidity is not easy to measure directly, and actual use is less. If the unit of water vapor pressure is one hundred hectopascal and the unit of absolute humidity is kilogram/m3, the relationship between the two is:
Where T is the temperature.
Relative humidity (f) refers to the ratio of the vapor pressure e of the air to the saturated vapor pressure E at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage: the relative humidity indicates the degree to which the air is near saturation. When f=100%, it means that the air has reached saturation; when it is not saturated, f<100%; when it is supersaturated, f>100%. The relative humidity is not only related to the water vapor content in the atmosphere, but also decreases with increasing temperature.
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