The autumn sowing of garlic with a double plastic film covering cultivation technique has the effect of increasing the output, mentioning the morning market, and increasing the benefits. In particular, the use of double-film covering cultivation mode, with single membrane coverage can increase the benefit of about 20%. Below, introduce the relevant cultivation points.
First, the selection of fine varieties of good selection of high yield, disease resistance and strong white varieties of white garlic. Such as Guan County, Shandong garlic, this is a good local garlic varieties in Shandong Province, is also an important export species, each garlic has 7-8 petals, skin with a little purple, thin skin, garlic hypertrophy, spicy, quality Well, it belongs to a species. Strong growth, strong cold resistance, high convulsions, good resistance to storage, suitable for autumn planting.
Second, the appropriate time sowing garlic must be appropriate sowing, too early, the emergence rate is low, and prone to flap garlic; too late, early winter short growth period, seedlings are too small, vulnerable to freezing damage, and affect the garlic yield and quality. In order to ensure that the number of leaves of the garlic before the winter reaches 4-5 leaves, it is generally suitable for the cultivation of garlic in the middle and southern part of the province (Hebei, the same below). The suitable sowing date is from late September to late October.
Third, soil preparation Fertilizer garlic has a wide adaptability to soil, sandy soil, loam soil and night tide can be planted, but with rich organic matter, deep soil, well-drained slightly acidic sandy soil is better. Planting garlic on this kind of soil has a well-developed root system, returns to early morning, twitches early, and has a large garlic head. It also has a strong spicy taste and is easy to grow garlic. Fine soil preparation and application of organic fertilizers are of great significance in improving garlic yield and improving quality. With fine soil preparation, the land on which garlic is grown needs deep turning to improve the permeability of the soil, which is conducive to the activity of soil microorganisms and the transformation of soil nutrients, and is conducive to the development of roots and the enlargement of bulbs. The depth of cultivation of garlic is generally 20-30 cm. After harvesting, crops should be ploughed and ridged as soon as possible to activate the soil. Apply base fertilizer. Due to the cover film, it is not suitable to top-dress fertilizer during the growth of garlic. Therefore, before sowing, it should be combined with a one-time application of base fertilizer. Mushi quality farmyard fertilizer 5000 kg, cake fertilizer 80 kg, urea 50 kg, phosphate fertilizer 80 kg, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25 Kg, zinc sulfate 1.5 kg.
Fourth, sowing cover film choose a large head, garlic large and neat, hard garlic, white and fresh color of garlic for the species. General requirements of garlic 100-grain weight of more than 400 grams, the local temperature stability at 18-19 °C, you can sow, so that when the winter up to 25 cm high garlic, is conducive to safe winter. Planting requires spacing of 15 centimeters, plant spacing at 6-8 centimeters, ditching depth of 10 centimeters, planting the species in the ditch, and keeping it upright, generally 40,000 plants per acre are suitable for the plot. Otherwise, the density is too large and the garlic will become smaller, affecting the commercial nature. Then, cover the soil with a double membrane. When the film is covered, it is required that the film be flat on the surface without wrinkling, and there is no space below the film, so that the film is tightly pressed against the surface of the surface to prevent weeds from growing. When the garlic emerged more than 50%, the membrane was ruptured. The membrane was punched with a sharp wire and the diameter of the orifice was controlled at about 1 cm.
V. Field management Immediately after sowing, water should be poured once. After the seedlings are flushed, the 2nd water is poured and the antifreeze water is poured 1 time before the soil is frozen. Cover straw or corn stalk several days later to prevent cold and drought and ensure safe wintering of garlic sprouts. Before and after the “Spring Equinoxâ€, the ground cover shall be cleared and water shall be selected in sunny and warm weather to promote the growth of garlic sprouts as early as possible. From the beginning of April to the end of April, according to the sensation of 5-7 days, one tree of water is poured, and the fertilizer is applied 2-3 times with water. Generally, ammonium sulphate or urea is applied for 10-15 kilograms per acre, and watering is stopped 3-4 days before the picking. After harvesting garlic bulbs should always keep the soil moist and promote the rapid growth of garlic until 2-3 days before harvest, stop watering.
Sixth, prevention of pests and diseases When the garlic grows up to 2 leaves and 1 heart, it is necessary to timely control pests such as garlic thrips and garlic flies, and high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticides such as beta-cypermethrin can be selected. In mid-March, attention was paid to the prevention and treatment of garlic sprouts and garlic sprouts. To control garlic blight, use 50% polymyxin or 65% carbendazim 1000 times. Seventh, timely harvest of the central and southern regions of our province, a single layer of plastic film generally harvested in mid-May. The garlic cultivated with double mulching film can be harvested 7-10 days in advance, that is, it can be harvested at the end of April and the beginning of May. At this time, most of the leaves of the plants have dried up and the pseudo stems become soft, and the time for advance harvesting is listed, because the market There are fewer fresh garlic on the market and the price is relatively expensive. Grab a favorable opportunity to get a higher interest.
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