Plant Protection - Measures to control harmful organisms during plant growth and product storage.
There are many kinds of harmful organisms to plants, major pests and pests, as well as various pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids, mycoplasmas, nematodes, protozoa and various weeds. In addition, it also includes other harmful animals such as mollusks (snails, crickets, etc.), rodents, as well as pests and pests. For a long time, the object of research and prevention of plant protection has only included pests and diseases, but not weeds, birds, and veterinary pests. With the development of agricultural production and plant protection science and technology, the categories of research and control objects have gradually expanded to various pests that harm crops.
Diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms are not only harmed agricultural production in the areas where they occur, but some are often brought along with agricultural products, packaging equipment, transportation tools, etc. to other countries or regions. In many countries, such as potato late blight, potato bad rot, potato beetle, chestnut blight, white pine rust, Hessian mosquito, cotton bollworm, white moth, grape phylloxera, ragweed, poison wheat and other serious damage The pests and weeds were imported from abroad. If these pests adapt to new environmental conditions and lack the natural enemies of the original place, they may develop into new serious problems. For example, the potato beetle originally occurred in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains and was fed by wild solanaceous plants; in the 1850s, it was switched to feed on new food plant potatoes introduced by immigrants and spread as potato cultivation expanded. In 1874, it reached the coast of the Atlantic and in 1946 it had been all over Western Europe to the west of the Elbe to areas in Austria. Another example is the fire that caused the damage of apple trees and pear trees. It originated in North America. It spread to Canada in 1904 and was later introduced to New Zealand. It was discovered in Britain in 1957, and it was spread to Poland in 1966, and later spread to Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and France. Belgium and other countries; found in the southern United States, Mexico, Chile, and Guatemala in 1970; in addition, it has even spread to Asia and the Middle East. The rapid spread of various pests and the huge losses they cause have fully demonstrated that strengthening plant protection has become an indispensable and important part of safeguarding the development of agricultural production.
Plant protection is faced with a variety of pests, and prevention and control measures are also varied. The wide application in production can be summarized as the following categories:
1 Plant quarantine. That is, according to the laws and regulations promulgated by the State, quarantine and inspection measures are adopted to prevent the spread of dangerous pests.
2 agricultural control. Including the use of a variety of farming cultivation management measures, breeding and use of resistant varieties to inhibit the occurrence of pests.
3 biological control. That is, use of biological or metabolic products to control harmful animals and plants.
4 chemical prevention. That is, appropriate application of various chemical pesticides to control pests.
5 physical and mechanical control. That is, according to the biological characteristics or special habits of pests, the physical and mechanical effects of certain devices are used to suppress the occurrence and development of pests.
There are many kinds of harmful organisms to plants, major pests and pests, as well as various pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids, mycoplasmas, nematodes, protozoa and various weeds. In addition, it also includes other harmful animals such as mollusks (snails, crickets, etc.), rodents, as well as pests and pests. For a long time, the object of research and prevention of plant protection has only included pests and diseases, but not weeds, birds, and veterinary pests. With the development of agricultural production and plant protection science and technology, the categories of research and control objects have gradually expanded to various pests that harm crops.
Diseases, insects, weeds and other harmful organisms are not only harmed agricultural production in the areas where they occur, but some are often brought along with agricultural products, packaging equipment, transportation tools, etc. to other countries or regions. In many countries, such as potato late blight, potato bad rot, potato beetle, chestnut blight, white pine rust, Hessian mosquito, cotton bollworm, white moth, grape phylloxera, ragweed, poison wheat and other serious damage The pests and weeds were imported from abroad. If these pests adapt to new environmental conditions and lack the natural enemies of the original place, they may develop into new serious problems. For example, the potato beetle originally occurred in the United States west of the Rocky Mountains and was fed by wild solanaceous plants; in the 1850s, it was switched to feed on new food plant potatoes introduced by immigrants and spread as potato cultivation expanded. In 1874, it reached the coast of the Atlantic and in 1946 it had been all over Western Europe to the west of the Elbe to areas in Austria. Another example is the fire that caused the damage of apple trees and pear trees. It originated in North America. It spread to Canada in 1904 and was later introduced to New Zealand. It was discovered in Britain in 1957, and it was spread to Poland in 1966, and later spread to Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and France. Belgium and other countries; found in the southern United States, Mexico, Chile, and Guatemala in 1970; in addition, it has even spread to Asia and the Middle East. The rapid spread of various pests and the huge losses they cause have fully demonstrated that strengthening plant protection has become an indispensable and important part of safeguarding the development of agricultural production.
Plant protection is faced with a variety of pests, and prevention and control measures are also varied. The wide application in production can be summarized as the following categories:
1 Plant quarantine. That is, according to the laws and regulations promulgated by the State, quarantine and inspection measures are adopted to prevent the spread of dangerous pests.
2 agricultural control. Including the use of a variety of farming cultivation management measures, breeding and use of resistant varieties to inhibit the occurrence of pests.
3 biological control. That is, use of biological or metabolic products to control harmful animals and plants.
4 chemical prevention. That is, appropriate application of various chemical pesticides to control pests.
5 physical and mechanical control. That is, according to the biological characteristics or special habits of pests, the physical and mechanical effects of certain devices are used to suppress the occurrence and development of pests.
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