The “long-season cultivation†of vegetables is the use of the growth characteristics of certain vegetables (such as tomatoes, bell peppers, eggplants, watermelons, melons, etc.) to artificially create a suitable growth environment, prolong the growth period and harvest period of vegetables, and reduce tillage and sowing. , Nursery, transplanting and other repetitive labor, to achieve the purpose of reducing production costs and increasing vegetable production and production efficiency, is an advanced high-yield and high-efficiency production technology. This kind of cultivation technology with a longer growth period is one year longer, so it is called "long-season cultivation," and it is widely used in modern facility cultivation in developed countries. Relative to vegetable "long-season cultivation," the current period of vegetable monoculture in China is generally shorter (4-6 months) and can be referred to as "short season cultivation."
1. Advantages of vegetable “long-season cultivation†1. It is beneficial to greatly increase vegetable yield. Tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, watermelons, melons and other genus are harvested continuously for many times. The length of the growth period directly affects the length of the harvest period, which in turn affects the level of production. The introduction of foreign materials such as tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, etc., is 2-3 times higher than in China, but it is actually caused by different cultivation periods. Explain that as long as creating a suitable growth environment, extend the harvest time of vegetables, crop yield can be doubled.
2. It is helpful to reduce the production cost The cultivation of fruits and vegetables is generally through the sowing period, seedling period, vegetative growth period, flowering fruit setting period and harvesting period. In China, the current "short-season cultivation" method, which uses two crops per year, requires two repetitions of the cultivation process. It requires two times of sowing, seedling raising, transplanting, vegetative growth, and flowering. Both consume input and consume time. Assuming that two short-season cultivations are carried out in one year, it takes more than five months for each cockroach, two months for 11 months, and two cocoons for a total of 4-5 months. The "long-season cultivation" in the same 11 months, the harvest period of nearly 9 months, nearly doubled the "short season cultivation", which can greatly increase production. At the same time, the initial investment (plowing, sowing, seedling raising, transplanting, etc.) of each pod is reduced by about 50%. From this, it can be inferred that the yield of “long-season cultivation†can be approximately doubled compared to “short season cultivationâ€. The investment is reduced by about one time, and the economic benefit is increased by about two times.
3, is conducive to the application of some expensive varieties of fine varieties currently introduced in foreign countries, some expensive vegetable seeds are expensive. Expensive seeds engage in "short season cultivation" and it is difficult to fully realize their high yield potential. It is actually a waste of resources and will hinder the popularization and application of some fine varieties.
4. Helping to extend the supply period of vegetable products Certain customers who export vegetables or sell domestic vegetables often require that some vegetable products can be supplied in a balanced manner over a longer period of time. The implementation of "long-season cultivation" of vegetables can extend the supply period of some vegetable varieties and meet market demand.
5. It is beneficial to the development of specialized production “long-season cultivation†is beneficial for producers to produce a single vegetable for a longer period of time, which helps to accurately grasp cultivation techniques and improve production management.
Second, the application of "long-season cultivation" of vegetables Because different vegetable crops require different environmental conditions. The "long-season cultivation" can be broadly classified into two types: the "summer-type" and the "over-the-counter type."
1, "Summer-type" is suitable for growing watermelon, melon and other high-temperature crops "Summer-type" of the cultivation period is generally from January to November, about 10 months. The fallow period during the cold period in December lasted about one month. During the fallow period, it is possible to carry out cultivating and cultivating work such as soil loosening, disinfection, base fertilizer application, and soil barrier treatment.
2, "overwintering type" is suitable for tomato, sweet pepper and other thermophilic vegetable cultivation period from September to next July, about 10 months. During the high temperature period in August about 2 months fallow. During the fallow period, rake cultivation, disinfection, application of base fertilizers, and treatment of soil obstacles are carried out.
Third, the application of "long-season cultivation" to solve the main technical problems 1, the use of facilities cultivation in most parts of China, regardless of "Summer type" or "overwintering type" need to use plastic greenhouses and other facilities and necessary micro-climate environment control measures , To meet the environmental requirements of winter insulation, cooling in summer, and avoiding rain during the whole period, so as to create a suitable growth environment for crops.
2, the use of suitable "long-season cultivation" varieties such as tomatoes, bell peppers, etc. to use unlimited growth varieties, watermelon, melon to use high temperature varieties. The varieties selected for “long-season cultivation†should be suitable for cultivation in protected areas, resistant to low light and high temperature, resistance to (resistant to) diseases, and long-term good varieties.
3, to solve the problem of winter insulation in Zhejiang Province, the current winter cultivation of greenhouses and more use of greenhouses to cover multiple layers of insulation. This problem is more easily resolved in tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan.
4. Solve the problem of suitable “long-season cultivation†of fertilizer and water supply. Because “long-season cultivation†has a long growing period, high yield, and high nutrient consumption, it generally covers the entire mulch, which causes difficulties in top-dressing irrigation. To solve the fertilizer and water supply problem of “long-season cultivation†with a growth period of more than 10 months, a high-performance insert-type drip irrigation system can be used for fertilization and irrigation, which can save fertilizer and water, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and balance the foot. The amount of fertilizer and water supply is sufficient to meet the need for "long-season cultivation" of vegetables.
5. Attention should be paid to the prevention of devastating soil-borne diseases. The diseases most threatening the “long-season cultivation†of vegetables are devastating soil-borne diseases, such as tomato and sweet pepper wilt, verticillium wilt, and melon wilt. To solve these devastating diseases, drug control alone is not enough. The key is to use anti-(resistant) varieties, strictly disinfect the seeds and cultivate disease-free seedlings, clean the environment, and use the water wheel drying method to disinfect the soil.
6. Care should be taken to prevent the continuous cropping of the soil as "long-season cultivation" is carried out within the protected area. During the cultivation period of more than 10 months, the soil in the shed has been in a condition of “zero rainfall†for a long time, which will cause the increase of soil ion concentration in the shed, resulting in the secondary salinization of the soil and harming the “long-season cultivationâ€. Great. The effective solution is to use drip irrigation technology for scientific and rational irrigation and fertilization to inhibit secondary salinization of soil. At the same time, in the fallow period, the soil should be continuously soaked in water for several weeks and drained by rotation for 3-4 times, which can eliminate the accumulated salt in the soil and eliminate some soil-borne pests and diseases. Vegetable "long-season cultivation" is an advanced high-yield and high-efficiency facility cultivation production method with high production efficiency and great development potential. At present, China still lacks experience in applying this technology. It needs to undergo experimental research, find problems, and find solutions. This technology will be popularized and applied in China's vegetable facilities, so that China's vegetable cultivation technology level is close to the international advanced level. Raising the level of modernization of vegetable production and increasing farmers' income will play a role.
1. Advantages of vegetable “long-season cultivation†1. It is beneficial to greatly increase vegetable yield. Tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, watermelons, melons and other genus are harvested continuously for many times. The length of the growth period directly affects the length of the harvest period, which in turn affects the level of production. The introduction of foreign materials such as tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, etc., is 2-3 times higher than in China, but it is actually caused by different cultivation periods. Explain that as long as creating a suitable growth environment, extend the harvest time of vegetables, crop yield can be doubled.
2. It is helpful to reduce the production cost The cultivation of fruits and vegetables is generally through the sowing period, seedling period, vegetative growth period, flowering fruit setting period and harvesting period. In China, the current "short-season cultivation" method, which uses two crops per year, requires two repetitions of the cultivation process. It requires two times of sowing, seedling raising, transplanting, vegetative growth, and flowering. Both consume input and consume time. Assuming that two short-season cultivations are carried out in one year, it takes more than five months for each cockroach, two months for 11 months, and two cocoons for a total of 4-5 months. The "long-season cultivation" in the same 11 months, the harvest period of nearly 9 months, nearly doubled the "short season cultivation", which can greatly increase production. At the same time, the initial investment (plowing, sowing, seedling raising, transplanting, etc.) of each pod is reduced by about 50%. From this, it can be inferred that the yield of “long-season cultivation†can be approximately doubled compared to “short season cultivationâ€. The investment is reduced by about one time, and the economic benefit is increased by about two times.
3, is conducive to the application of some expensive varieties of fine varieties currently introduced in foreign countries, some expensive vegetable seeds are expensive. Expensive seeds engage in "short season cultivation" and it is difficult to fully realize their high yield potential. It is actually a waste of resources and will hinder the popularization and application of some fine varieties.
4. Helping to extend the supply period of vegetable products Certain customers who export vegetables or sell domestic vegetables often require that some vegetable products can be supplied in a balanced manner over a longer period of time. The implementation of "long-season cultivation" of vegetables can extend the supply period of some vegetable varieties and meet market demand.
5. It is beneficial to the development of specialized production “long-season cultivation†is beneficial for producers to produce a single vegetable for a longer period of time, which helps to accurately grasp cultivation techniques and improve production management.
Second, the application of "long-season cultivation" of vegetables Because different vegetable crops require different environmental conditions. The "long-season cultivation" can be broadly classified into two types: the "summer-type" and the "over-the-counter type."
1, "Summer-type" is suitable for growing watermelon, melon and other high-temperature crops "Summer-type" of the cultivation period is generally from January to November, about 10 months. The fallow period during the cold period in December lasted about one month. During the fallow period, it is possible to carry out cultivating and cultivating work such as soil loosening, disinfection, base fertilizer application, and soil barrier treatment.
2, "overwintering type" is suitable for tomato, sweet pepper and other thermophilic vegetable cultivation period from September to next July, about 10 months. During the high temperature period in August about 2 months fallow. During the fallow period, rake cultivation, disinfection, application of base fertilizers, and treatment of soil obstacles are carried out.
Third, the application of "long-season cultivation" to solve the main technical problems 1, the use of facilities cultivation in most parts of China, regardless of "Summer type" or "overwintering type" need to use plastic greenhouses and other facilities and necessary micro-climate environment control measures , To meet the environmental requirements of winter insulation, cooling in summer, and avoiding rain during the whole period, so as to create a suitable growth environment for crops.
2, the use of suitable "long-season cultivation" varieties such as tomatoes, bell peppers, etc. to use unlimited growth varieties, watermelon, melon to use high temperature varieties. The varieties selected for “long-season cultivation†should be suitable for cultivation in protected areas, resistant to low light and high temperature, resistance to (resistant to) diseases, and long-term good varieties.
3, to solve the problem of winter insulation in Zhejiang Province, the current winter cultivation of greenhouses and more use of greenhouses to cover multiple layers of insulation. This problem is more easily resolved in tropical and subtropical regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan.
4. Solve the problem of suitable “long-season cultivation†of fertilizer and water supply. Because “long-season cultivation†has a long growing period, high yield, and high nutrient consumption, it generally covers the entire mulch, which causes difficulties in top-dressing irrigation. To solve the fertilizer and water supply problem of “long-season cultivation†with a growth period of more than 10 months, a high-performance insert-type drip irrigation system can be used for fertilization and irrigation, which can save fertilizer and water, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, and balance the foot. The amount of fertilizer and water supply is sufficient to meet the need for "long-season cultivation" of vegetables.
5. Attention should be paid to the prevention of devastating soil-borne diseases. The diseases most threatening the “long-season cultivation†of vegetables are devastating soil-borne diseases, such as tomato and sweet pepper wilt, verticillium wilt, and melon wilt. To solve these devastating diseases, drug control alone is not enough. The key is to use anti-(resistant) varieties, strictly disinfect the seeds and cultivate disease-free seedlings, clean the environment, and use the water wheel drying method to disinfect the soil.
6. Care should be taken to prevent the continuous cropping of the soil as "long-season cultivation" is carried out within the protected area. During the cultivation period of more than 10 months, the soil in the shed has been in a condition of “zero rainfall†for a long time, which will cause the increase of soil ion concentration in the shed, resulting in the secondary salinization of the soil and harming the “long-season cultivationâ€. Great. The effective solution is to use drip irrigation technology for scientific and rational irrigation and fertilization to inhibit secondary salinization of soil. At the same time, in the fallow period, the soil should be continuously soaked in water for several weeks and drained by rotation for 3-4 times, which can eliminate the accumulated salt in the soil and eliminate some soil-borne pests and diseases. Vegetable "long-season cultivation" is an advanced high-yield and high-efficiency facility cultivation production method with high production efficiency and great development potential. At present, China still lacks experience in applying this technology. It needs to undergo experimental research, find problems, and find solutions. This technology will be popularized and applied in China's vegetable facilities, so that China's vegetable cultivation technology level is close to the international advanced level. Raising the level of modernization of vegetable production and increasing farmers' income will play a role.
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