Pest control plays a vital role in orchard management and is a key focus for fruit growers throughout the year. However, many farmers are not achieving the desired results with their pest control efforts, despite spending significant amounts on pesticides. The issue often lies not only in the choice of pesticides but also in the improper application methods, which greatly reduce the effectiveness of the treatments.
Common Issues in Orchard Spraying
1. **Incorrect Concentration and Close-Range Spraying**
Some farmers tend to increase the concentration of the pesticide without adjusting the water volume, leading to uneven coverage. This practice can cause damage to the plants, such as leaf burn or phytotoxicity. Additionally, spraying too close to the tree can cause high-pressure sprays to damage leaves and fruits, reducing the overall effectiveness of the treatment.
2. **Over-Spraying Like Washing the Tree**
Some growers believe that more pesticide means better results, so they spray excessively, often causing runoff and wastage. This method is counterproductive because pests may not be fully affected, while the plant's stomata can become clogged, limiting nutrient absorption. Excess liquid can also accumulate in the fruit, leading to long-term toxicity and lower fruit quality.
3. **Poor Atomization Due to Equipment Limitations**
Manual sprayers often lack sufficient pressure, while motorized sprayers may have large nozzles that result in poor atomization. This leads to uneven droplet distribution, making it difficult to cover all parts of the tree. Some farmers attempt to modify their nozzles to speed up the process, but this often worsens the atomization quality, further reducing the effectiveness of the pesticide.
Improving Orchard Spraying Techniques
1. **Adopt Proper Spraying Habits**
Farmers should adjust the amount of water and pesticide based on the size of the tree and the number of leaves. Spraying should be done evenly, covering all areas from top to bottom and inside to outside. Leaves should be fully covered without dripping, ensuring even distribution and minimizing waste.
2. **Upgrade Spraying Equipment**
It’s advisable to use sprayers with better atomization capabilities rather than relying on manual sprayers. Replacing single-hole nozzles with multi-hole ones improves coverage and reduces damage to the fruit surface. This small change can significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the spraying process.
3. **Master the Spraying Technique**
Proper technique is crucial. The sprayer pressure should be balanced, and the nozzle should be kept at about 50 cm away from the crop to allow full atomization. A wider fog cone produces finer droplets, while a narrower cone results in larger drops. Understanding how pressure, nozzle angle, and distance affect coverage is essential for effective pest control.
By addressing these issues and improving both the methods and equipment used, fruit growers can significantly enhance the success of their pest control strategies, leading to healthier trees and higher-quality fruit production.
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