To address the key issues in current fertilization practices—such as low organic fertilizer application, excessive nitrogen use, over-application of nitrogen at an early stage, insufficient nutrient supply during the later growth phase, and neglect of zinc fertilizer in zinc-deficient boron soils—a scientifically balanced approach is recommended. This method integrates both organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve soil fertility and crop health. It emphasizes controlling total nitrogen input, adjusting the base and top-dressing ratio, reducing early nitrogen application, and shifting it to later stages. Phosphorus and potassium are maintained at a consistent level, while attention is given to trace element deficiencies, such as zinc and boron.
The basal fertilizer is applied deeply using strip or hole methods, and the soil is immediately covered to a depth of at least 6.7 cm. For top-dressing, the fertilizer is either directly applied to the soil or covered with soil to a depth of more than 6.7 cm. In boron-deficient areas, boron fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 1 kg per mu.
Organic fertilizer application is set at 4,000 kg per mu. For nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, the rates vary based on lint yield:
- If lint yield is below 100 kg per hectare, apply 16 kg of nitrogen, 7 kg of phosphate, and 12 kg of potash per mu.
- If lint yield is between 100–150 kg per hectare, apply 15 kg of nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphate, and 11 kg of potash per mu.
- If lint yield exceeds 150 kg per hectare, apply 14 kg of nitrogen, 5.5 kg of phosphate, and 10 kg of potash per mu.
Boron fertilizer is recommended at 1 kg per mu for boron-deficient soils. The fertilization ratio is structured as follows:
- **Base fertilizer**: 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, along with 30% of total nitrogen and potassium, and 60% of total phosphate.
- **Flower and bell fertilizer**: 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, plus 20% of total N, P, and K.
- **Cap top fertilizer**: 1,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, combined with 50% of total nitrogen and potassium, and 20% of total phosphate.
This systematic approach ensures better nutrient balance, improves soil structure, and supports higher yields while minimizing environmental impact.
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