Choosing a high-quality dog breed is the first and most important step in successful dog farming. Begin by selecting a purebred dog, preferably from a reputable breeder. Before making a purchase, visit several breeding farms and review their production materials. Ensure that the farm holds a valid "Livestock and Poultry Production and Trade Permit" and can issue a "Breeding Livestock and Poultry Certificate of Conformity." When selecting individual dogs, look for those with a strong, well-proportioned body, broad chest, open ribs, straight back, wide hips, and thick limbs. Their coat should be uniform, and they should grow quickly with a high slaughter rate. For males, choose those with symmetrical testicles and an average size of 25 to 30 kilograms. For females, select those with more than four pairs of evenly spaced nipples, no signs of irritation, and a strong maternal instinct. A healthy female should weigh between 20 to 25 kilograms.
Next, consider the location for your dog farming operation. If you're a farmer in a rural area, build your breeding site based on local conditions, ensuring it's cost-effective and suitable for the dogs' natural habits. Ideal locations may include vacant land, old cow or pig pens, or existing meat dog facilities. The site should be quiet, dry, well-drained, and well-ventilated. It should also receive plenty of sunlight and remain cool in summer and warm in winter. Water sources must be clean and abundant. Avoid using cement floors entirely; instead, use a mix of materials. Fences should be at least 1.5 meters high and cover an area of 10 to 12 square meters per dog.
Breeding practices are crucial for maintaining a healthy and productive herd. Female dogs typically reach sexual maturity at 6 months but are best bred between 12 to 18 months. The estrus cycle lasts about 20 to 22 days, with the most fertile period occurring on the second day after the start of heat. Breeding should occur during this time. The gestation period is around 60 to 62 days. In the 10 days before and after breeding, provide a diet rich in protein and vitamins. From the 20th day of pregnancy, add meat, fish meal, bone meal, and trace minerals to the diet. Around the 50th day, prepare a farrowing box—use wooden planks in summer and soft mats in winter. Reduce feed slightly as the due date approaches. During labor, the bitch will show signs like swollen vulva, enlarged breasts, and restlessness. After birth, cut the umbilical cord 3 cm from the belly, remove mucus, and place the puppies in a warm nursery box. Once all puppies are born, allow the mother to rest and gradually increase her food intake. Offer small, frequent meals for the first 10 days.
Dogs have a long lifespan, often living up to 15 years. It's advisable to breed them twice a year, avoiding "Middle V" (midsummer) and "Sanjiu" (late September) periods, which can reduce puppy survival rates and affect growth. Proper feeding and management are essential after birth. Newborn puppies have limited mobility, so protect them from being crushed or injured. The lactation period usually lasts about 25 days, after which milk production declines. A healthy mother can nurse 4 to 6 puppies in the first 10 days. After that, begin weaning by offering warmed milk mixed with fresh milk. By day 15–20, introduce rice soup and vegetable broth. At 30 days, add soft meat or broth, and wean by 40 days. Provide a balanced, commercial feed to newly weaned puppies.
Castration is recommended for young dogs aged 2 to 3 months and weighing around 10 kg. This helps reduce sexual behavior, promote fat accumulation, improve meat quality, and support better growth. Disease prevention is also key. Maintain clean kennels, remove waste daily, and ensure good ventilation. Regular disinfection, exposure of bedding to sunlight, and cleanliness of food and water containers are essential. Avoid moldy feed and vaccinate annually against rabies and other infectious diseases. Infected dogs should be culled and buried deeply. Never consume them. All equipment and areas must be thoroughly disinfected, and leftover food and manure should be properly disposed of. If bitten by a dog, seek immediate rabies vaccination.
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