Choosing a high-quality dog breed is the first and most important step in successful dog farming. Start by selecting a purebred dog, preferably from a reputable breeder. Before purchasing, visit several dog farms to inspect their facilities and production records. Ensure that the farm holds a valid "Livestock and Poultry Production and Trade Permit" and can provide a "Breeding Livestock and Poultry Certificate of Conformity." When selecting individual dogs, look for those with strong, well-proportioned bodies, broad chests, straight backs, wide hips, and sturdy limbs. Their coats should be uniform and healthy, and they should grow quickly with good meat yield. Male dogs should be robust, with symmetrical genitalia and moderate size, while females should have at least four pairs of evenly spaced nipples, no signs of licking, and a strong maternal instinct. Adult males typically weigh between 25–30 kg, and females between 20–25 kg.
Next, choose a suitable location for your breeding site. If you're a farmer in a rural area, build the facility according to local conditions, ensuring it's economical and practical. The site should be quiet, dry, well-ventilated, and receive plenty of sunlight. It should also be cool in winter and comfortable in summer, with access to clean, high-quality water. The floor doesn’t need to be entirely concrete, but the fencing should be around 1.5 meters high, with an area of 10–12 square meters per dog.
Breeding should begin when the female reaches sexual maturity, ideally between 12–18 months of age. The estrus cycle lasts about 20–22 days, with a mating window of 2–3 days. Breeding is best done on the second day of estrus. During pregnancy, feed the bitch nutrient-rich food, including protein and vitamins, especially 10 days before and after mating. From day 20 onward, include meat, fish meal, bone meal, and trace minerals in her diet. Around day 50, prepare a nesting box—use wooden planks in summer and soft mats in winter. Reduce feed slightly as the due date approaches. When labor begins, the vulva will swell, the breasts will enlarge, and the bitch may appear restless. After birth, cut the umbilical cord 3 cm from the belly, clear the puppies' mouths, and place them in the nest. Once all puppies are born, allow the mother to rest and gradually increase her food intake, feeding small amounts frequently for the first 10 days.
Dogs are long-lived animals, often living up to 15 years. It’s advisable to breed them twice a year, avoiding the “middle V†or “Sanjiu†periods (specific breeding times) to improve puppy survival and growth. Proper care during lactation is crucial. For the first 10 days, the puppies rely solely on their mother’s milk, but after that, they should be introduced to warm milk mixed with fresh milk, fed via bottle. As they grow, add rice soup, vegetable broth, and eventually chopped meat. Weaning usually occurs around 40 days, and newly weaned puppies should be fed high-quality commercial feed mixed with broth.
Castration is recommended for young dogs at 2–3 months old, weighing around 10 kg. This helps reduce sexual behavior, promote fat accumulation, and improve meat quality. Lastly, disease prevention is key. Maintain cleanliness in the kennel, remove waste daily, and ensure good ventilation. Regular disinfection, sun exposure of bedding, and clean feeding tools are essential. Avoid moldy feed, and vaccinate annually against rabies and other infectious diseases. If a dog is suspected of having rabies, it must be culled immediately and buried deeply—not eaten. In case of a dog bite, seek immediate rabies vaccination.
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