Maintaining a fermentation bed for raising pigs is crucial to ensure its efficiency and longevity. Proper daily care not only supports the health of the animals but also keeps the system running smoothly. Here are key points to consider:
1. **Moisture Control**: The moisture level in the fermentation layer should be carefully managed. Ideally, it should be around 50-60%. To check this, grab a handful of the material—there should be a slight dampness without dripping. This range supports optimal microbial activity. However, the top layer (about 10 cm deep) may have lower moisture, typically around 30-40%, which feels dry to the touch. This helps prevent excessive dampness that could make the pigs uncomfortable. If needed, a small amount of water can be sprayed on the surface, but avoid over-saturation.
2. **Adding Activators**: While it's usually unnecessary to add extra ingredients like brown sugar or urea, they can be useful in cold weather to kickstart fermentation. If the process slows down during normal conditions, adding a small amount can help boost microbial activity.
3. **Litter Management**: Fermentation beds naturally break down waste over time, reducing the need for frequent cleaning. If you plan to use the fermented material as fertilizer or feed, you can remove it periodically. Always replenish the litter and microbial activators to maintain performance. Whether or not to clean depends on your needs; some farmers choose to leave it for longer periods if it's not required elsewhere.
4. **Sow Care**: Managing fermentation beds for sows requires extra attention. During farrowing, avoid using sawdust that might irritate piglet wounds or cause infections. If issues arise, temporarily move the piglets or change their bedding. Also, during pregnancy, avoid fresh sawdust that may cause skin irritation. If redness occurs, it usually clears up within a few days without treatment.
By following these practices, you can ensure a healthy and efficient fermentation bed system that benefits both the pigs and the environment.
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