After experiencing prolonged high temperatures, chickens often show reduced appetite, impaired digestion, weaker physical condition, slower growth, lower body weight, and decreased egg production in laying hens. As the weather cools down in autumn, several key management practices should be carefully considered to ensure the health and productivity of the flock.
**Daily Management**
It is crucial to monitor the overall condition of the flock regularly. Observe their energy levels, feeding behavior, and feces. Any birds showing signs of stress, poor appetite, or abnormal droppings should be isolated for further examination to prevent the spread of illness.
**Enhance Nutrition**
With fluctuating temperatures after fall, long-term laying hens may become physically exhausted. If not properly managed, they may experience interrupted molting. To support their recovery, increase the nutritional content of their feed and provide adequate animal protein. Ensure sufficient vitamins are included in the diet, and maintain enough feeding and watering stations so that every chicken has access to food and water.
**Minimize Climate Impact**
Try to keep the microclimate inside the poultry house stable, reducing the temperature difference between day and night. During hot daytime hours, move broilers to shaded areas or under pergolas. At night, allow them to return to the coop when temperatures drop.
**Supplemental Lighting**
When natural daylight falls below 12 hours—especially after mid-September—it’s important to extend artificial lighting. Split the additional lighting into two periods during the day for convenience. For broilers, a simple lighting setup that allows easy access to food and water is sufficient, with a daily lighting duration of 8 to 14 hours.
**Control Stocking Density and Grouping**
Adjust the density based on the age of the chickens and the ventilation conditions. For free-range farming, the recommended stocking density is 30 to 25 birds per square meter from day 1 to 20, and 20 to 15 per square meter from day 21 to 40. Adjust group sizes as the chickens grow and the housing conditions change.
**Maintain Clean and Ventilated Housing**
Ensure the poultry house remains dry and well-ventilated. Keep the air fresh and free from unpleasant odors to promote a healthy environment for the birds.
**All-in All-out System**
Implement an all-in all-out system by selling out each batch of chickens before moving on to the next. Allow at least two weeks of downtime between flocks for thorough cleaning and disinfection of the house, equipment, and surrounding area.
**Production of Small-Tailed Sheep**
**Preparation Before Birth**
(1) Move ewes to a confined area or nearby grazing land one or two days before delivery.
(2) Prepare the lambing area by disinfecting it with lime water, carbolic acid, or ash.
(3) Gather necessary items such as iodine, a basin, a towel, medicinal soap, Lysol, benzalkonium chloride, and potassium permanganate.
(4) Plan the lambing schedule and keep a record of each birth.
(5) Reduce feed intake three days before birth but continue providing regular concentrates.
**Lambing Process**
(1) Let the ewe lie down in a comfortable position to facilitate birthing.
(2) When the ewe is on her side, gently assist the lamb by pulling it out. Cut the umbilical cord about an inch from the belly, squeeze out the blood, and apply iodine to prevent infection.
(3) Allow the ewe to lick the lamb to stimulate bonding and help expel the placenta. Use clean mats to gently remove mucus if needed. Only heat the area in winter, spring, or late autumn; otherwise, no extra warmth is required.
(4) Remove any remaining fetal membranes and help the lamb stand up. Assist in nursing the first milk, and check the lamb’s weight after 30 minutes.
(5) In multi-lamb births, the interval between lambs can vary from a few minutes to over an hour. After the last lamb is born, give the ewe warm saltwater for five days, avoiding cold water. Gradually increase concentrate feed and reach the full amount by day ten.
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