High-oil corn is a special variety of maize that contains significantly higher oil content compared to regular corn. While ordinary corn kernels typically have an oil content of 4% to 5%, high-oil corn has more than 50% higher oil content, making it a valuable crop for oil production. This unique type of corn was developed through artificial breeding techniques and has become increasingly popular in agricultural practices.
In China, several high-oil corn varieties have been successfully cultivated, including Gaoyou No.1, Gaoyou No.6, and Gaoyou No.115, all developed by China Agricultural University. These varieties are well-suited for high-yield farming and can be grown alongside regular corn without the need for isolation. Although they receive pollen from normal corn, their oil content remains largely unaffected, and the plants remain vigorous. However, due to their longer growing period, it's important to plant them early to ensure proper maturation. Farmers often use wheat stubble fields for intercropping or transplanting to increase accumulated heat during the growth phase.
Because of its tall stature, high-oil corn should not be planted too densely. The recommended planting density is generally between 52,500 to 67,500 plants per hectare. Proper spacing helps ensure good air circulation and reduces the risk of lodging.
High-oil corn is highly responsive to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers. When these nutrients are applied correctly, the root system becomes more developed, with increased root number and length, leading to stronger stalks and better ear placement. The combined use of N, P, and K significantly improves grain weight, embryo weight, and overall seed oil content.
Fertilization for high-oil corn usually involves applying around 300–375 kg of nitrogen, 120–150 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 75–120 kg of potassium oxide per hectare. A common method is the "one end and two recovery" approach: base fertilizer includes 15,000–30,000 kg of organic manure, 120–150 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 75–120 kg of potassium oxide, 120–150 kg of nitrogen, and 15–30 kg of zinc sulfate. Seedling fertilizer adds another 30–45 kg of nitrogen to support weak plants. A heavy ear fertilizer is applied 5–7 days after jointing, with an additional 150–180 kg of nitrogen per hectare. If intercropping makes it difficult to apply base fertilizer, it can be adjusted to seed and seedling fertilizer, but organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc must still be applied before jointing. Late application can reduce fertilizer efficiency.
During the growing season, applying Maize at a rate of 450 mg per hectare can reduce plant height by 30–50 cm and improve lodging resistance. However, the spray must be even, and re-spraying or missing areas should be avoided. High-oil corn is also more susceptible to corn borers, so regular monitoring and control measures are essential. Additionally, during storage, it is prone to mold and insect infestations, so proper drying, impurity removal, and pest prevention are crucial to maintaining quality.
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