Amaranthus fragrans thrives in warm and moist environments and is cold-resistant. It has specific soil requirements; while it can grow in general soil, it performs best in well-drained, fertile sandy loam. Proper cultivation techniques are essential to ensure a healthy and productive crop.
**Cultivation Techniques**
1. **Planting Methods:** Amaranthus fragrans can be propagated through buds or by transplanting seedlings.
- **Bud Propagation:** The best time to plant is before the cold season or early spring. Planting before winter not only increases yield but also avoids the need for storing plants during winter. Use 75-100 kg of buds per mu. After selecting a suitable location, apply sufficient base fertilizer, till the soil deeply, and prepare the planting holes. Cut the wood pods into small pieces, each with 1-2 lateral shoots, and ensure that the main buds are removed to prevent bolting, which can reduce yield and quality. After cutting, dry the pieces and allow them to rest for half a day so the wounds can heal and avoid rot. When planting, maintain a spacing of 40-50 cm between holes, dig each hole, and make an incision downward (as experience shows this promotes faster rooting). Cover the roots with 3 cm of soil, level the surface, and water thoroughly. Only the roots planted before freezing will not be seedlings, but will sprout in spring. The spring planting method is similar to winter planting, though it takes longer for the plants to germinate.
- **Seedling Transplanting:** From Qingming to Guyu Festival, prepare the field by making ditches spaced 20 cm apart. Sow seeds evenly, cover them with soil, and keep the surface moist until they emerge. When seedlings reach about 5 cm in height, thin out the crowded ones. If bolting occurs around the Ching Ming Festival, remove the affected plants promptly.
2. **Pests and Diseases:** Leaf spot disease is common during dry seasons. A 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture can be used for treatment. In low-lying areas during rainy seasons, root rot may occur, so proper drainage is crucial. Insect pests such as fire spiders and cockroaches may appear. For fire spiders, spray a 50% lanthanophosphoric emulsifier diluted 1000-2000 times or use 1% malathion powder at 1.5-2 kg per mu. For cockroaches, apply 90% trichlorfon diluted 1000 times.
**Harvest and Processing:** At the end of autumn, when the leaves turn yellow, cut the stems and leaves, and dig up the roots 5-7 cm below the shoot. Dry the roots and use them as medicinal material. Leave the buds on the plant to develop into seed pods. If not planted before winter, store the roots underground to preserve their quality.
Veterinary Medicine
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