In daily life, broccoli is a variety cultivated by many farmers and growers. So what are the techniques for broccoli planting? The following are the broccoli planting techniques and disease prevention methods compiled by Huinong Xiaobian, and I hope to help the growers!
Before planting, the most important thing is to decide which species to plant on which plot and how much area to grow.
1. Factors selected:
1 When is the harvest? 2 How much area do you want to grow? 3 How much labor do you have? 4 Choose the right variety based on climate and soil characteristics? 2. Sowing and cultivating strong seedlings 1) Choosing good soils 1 Choose no disease, well drained Soil with high nutrient content as soil for nursery and cover; 2 Control the temperature and humidity of the soil after sowing to promote seed germination.
2. Cultivate seedlings
1 What is a strong seedling? Strong seedlings refer to seedlings with good uniformity, no length, no pests and diseases. Do not choose old seedlings and dead seedlings. Learn from high-quality broccoli planting routines 2 to cultivate strong seedlings to develop appropriate irrigation and fertilization plans, control pests and diseases before planting.
3. Field preparation (cultivation, fertilization system)
1 Reasonable use of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure and microbial colony environment; 2 Maintain high pH value of soil (optimal PH value 6-6.5), because PH value is low, prone to clubroot disease; 3 improve drainage system, deep Loose or deep-plow the soil and do the drainage ditch; 4 Determine the standard of use of the fertilizer, apply about 200kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare, and adjust the amount of fertilization according to different soil conditions. In the warm season, depending on the growth of the crop, the application method of the fertilizer can be adjusted, and the fertilization can be adjusted to the side of the plant 2; 5 in the cold season, the base fertilizer can be applied; 6 in the rainy season, we need more side fertilizer. Prevent the loss of fertilizer due to excessive rain.
4: Colonization and methods
1 The number of broccoli planting must be determined according to the variety or planting plan; 2 use high ridge cultivation in rainy season or poor drainage; 3 when using early maturing varieties, choose small seedlings to plant, can not choose old seedlings to plant; 4 should be poured in time after planting Water to ensure uniformity of growth.
5: General management methods after planting
1 After slow seedling, it is best to carry out intermediate tillage to improve soil conditions and control weeds; 2 to apply side dressing once or twice according to crop growth conditions; 3 use pesticides to control pests.
6: Harvesting and transportation
1 harvesting time depends on the variety and cultivation style; 2 should be harvested under low temperature conditions to maintain the weight of the flower ball; 3 after harvesting should be placed under low temperature conditions as soon as possible.
7: Other
1) The bolting occurs when the plant does not grow to a sufficient size. The expression is that the small flower ball is accompanied by coarse flower granules. The main reason is that the seedlings are exposed to low temperature damage. If the seedling stage is weak, the lack of fertilizer Equal pressure factors are more likely to cause bolting. From zero to learn high-quality broccoli planting routine solution: 1 choose the appropriate sowing time; 2 select the roots of good seedlings colonization; 3 cover the mulch to maintain soil temperature; 4 do water and fertilizer management.
2) High temperature influence After the ball is started, the temperature is too high or the change is severe. Some abnormal flower balls will appear. These flower balls will show different characteristics according to different growth stages and temperature conditions. During the balling period, too many fertilizers or excessive humidity can have these symptoms. Yellow flower ball: Intense high temperature damage, looks like broccoli, small flower granules do not grow. Leaflet: The leaflet grows in the middle of the flower ball
3) The size of the flower of the cat's eye flower ball is not uniform, and it is easy to occur when the temperature changes rapidly around day and night. Solution: 1 Each variety should choose the appropriate sowing date; 2 after the bud to the flower bulb expansion period, avoid applying too much fertilizer; 3 to maintain the soil good water conditions throughout the growing season, in the conditions of drought and water changes It is prone to damage to the flower ball.
4) The purple flower of the flower is purple, which occurs mainly in low temperature environment. Others such as lack of fertilizer, drought and too humid may also occur. Solution: 1 Avoid planting in late summer; 2 Apply appropriate amount of fertilizer in the late growth stage, not excessive; 3 Keep the root system healthy.
5) The brown-yellow flower plants do not have enough energy to keep all the flowers green, which causes the flower buds at the top of the flower ball to die and turn yellow. High temperatures, root damage and lack of fat can cause the flowers to turn brown. Solution: 1 avoid high temperature; 2 keep the root system healthy; 3 maintain proper fertilizer supply; 4 harvest under cool conditions.
6) Solution to the impact of waterlogging: 1 crush the hard block in the soil to make the soil more loose; 2 apply organic fertilizer to improve soil conditions; 3 deep digging drainage ditch for good drainage; 4 high ridge cultivation.
7) The symptoms of boron deficiency are as follows: the flower stem has damage and forms a scar. Causes and solutions: 1 Soil boron deficiency soil application of boron fertilizer 2 Nitrogen fertilizer over-improvement of fertilizer application rate and proportion 3 Due to drought, too much water, low temperature caused root damage and maintain root health
8) Hollow boron deficiency causes the pores on the stem to grow rapidly and finally turn brown. Reasons for formation: 1 low-density planting; 2 high temperature and high soil moisture; 3 application of excess nitrogen fertilizer; 4 boron deficiency.
9) Causes of magnesium deficiency: 1 magnesium deficiency; 2 soil pH is too high; 3 too much phosphoric acid or manganese, copper, salt accumulation; 4 drought.
10) White stems Because this is caused by whitefly, there will be many occurrences under warm conditions. 11) The clubroot fungus "Plasmodiophora brassicae" is a soil-borne disease that infects the root hairs of cruciferous plants. High temperature, high soil moisture and acidic soil contribute to the occurrence and increase of this disease. Solution: 1 Isolation of plots with clubroot disease; 2 use of fungicides; 3 crop rotation or use of resistant varieties; 4 adjust pH; 5 improve drainage; 6 increase beneficial microorganisms.
11) Flower ball rotten fungus: Alternaria brassicola Symptoms: Ring spots appear on the leaves, black spots on the surface of the flower ball. Solution: So far, there is no more effective fungicide, which can be solved by the following methods. 1 good drainage and good ventilation to control the disease; 2 maintain healthy plants (plants should not be too large); 3 avoid applying too much nitrogen fertilizer, supplement trace elements.
12) Flower ball top rot fungus: Erwina SSP or Pseudomonas SSP Symptoms: After the head turns yellow, the rot solution: So far, there is no more effective fungicide, the same solution can be used as the flower ball is bad.
13) Black rot fungus: Xanthomonas campestrispv.campestris orarmoraciae Symptom: The "V" type lesion occurs at the edge of the leaf and becomes yellow or black around the lesion.
14) Black heart disease fungus: Peronospora parasitica Symptom: The stem becomes black, and when people eat these parts, there is a bitter taste. This disease is often seen during harvest in winter, and it prefers a humid and cool environment.
Solution: 1 spray disinfectant in a timely manner; 2 improve air circulation and drainage; 3 reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the use of trace elements.
The above is the broccoli planting technology, which has pest control techniques, you can quickly collect!
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