P1 ecoglossus dtivelis is a subspecies of the order Aphid, Ayu, and Ayu. The fish is slender and flat, with a small head and a snout. The body is green on the back, black on the back, and white on both sides and undersides. The name of the sweetfish is: sea-feather, autumn-birth-children, and the Japanese are called eels. It is named for its scent of stimuli. The aquarium has a body length of 10 to 30 centimeters and weighs 50 to 100 grams, with the largest being about 500 grams.
First, biological characteristics
1. Traveling habits
Sweetfish are mostly annual. Every year from February to May, when the river water temperature gradually rises to 10-15 degrees Celsius. When approaching the temperature of seawater, juveniles (2 to 3 cm in length) wintering in the sea enter the estuary. Juveniles grow and develop in the river. With the development of gonads, they migrate to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning in September-November. As the larvae grow and develop and the water temperature continues to fall, juveniles enter the sea for winter.
2. Habits
Ayu is also known as squid. It is said that this fish has the ability to "occupy the site." Wild ayu, which covers an area of ​​about one square meter, plus the scope of activities is only 23 square meters.
3. Intake habits
The dietary habits of ayu are similar to those of other plant-eating fish, and they are also animal-eating during the seedling stage. They turn into plant-eating and omnivorous as they develop. The larvae began to ingest food 4 to 5 days after their hatching. Their body length was about 4 cm. They began to eat cladocera and copepods and other small crustaceans and continued to migrate until the river. During the journey into the river, feeding organs evolved and feeding gradually changed to low algae.
4. Grow
The upper and lower limit of the temperature for the growth of sweetfish is 10-27 degrees Celsius. Within the range of 15-25 degrees Celsius, the growth rate is proportional to the temperature, generally 22-24 degrees Celsius, 22-24 degrees Celsius is the optimum growth temperature, and the lower temperature limit during winter 2-3 degrees Celsius. The main growth period of sachets is summer and autumn, and the largest one is about 500 grams;
5. Reproductive habits
Ayu is a fish that reproduces at the end of the fall, and spawning water temperatures drop from 19 degrees Celsius to 14 degrees Celsius. Eggs are sticky, egg diameter is about O.9-1.0 mm, and most of the broodstock died after spawning. The number of eggs laid can reach up to 130,000, with a minimum of 10,000 and usually 25,000.
Second, aquaculture technology
The aquaculture of squid began in Japan and China has already been tested in Zhejiang Province. Hebei Province has been successful in breeding and Taiwan Province is more prevalent.
1. Farm selection
The success of aquaculture depends on the conditions of water, water quality, feed, and management. Farming sites should be selected to have sufficient flow in the water source, generally reaching a flow rate of 27 liters per second, keeping the temperature of the water at 13 degrees Celsius or more, PH between 6.5 and 7.8, and the area where the feed is rich and pollution-free; the northern area should There are wintering facilities.
2. Aquarium design
(1) Fish pond size: The pond size depends on the water source and the amount of water. In general, each fish pond is suitable for 100-300 square meters.
(2) Fish pond structure: Round fish ponds have the best breeding effect. Round fish ponds do not cause dead ends. It is easy to contaminate the sewage near the central drainage area and it is easy to discharge in time to keep the water fresh. The circumference of the bottom of the pool should generally be maintained at a slope of 1/10 to 1/15. When the fish pond area is 100 square meters, the thickness of the pool wall should be 15 centimeters and the depth of water is 60-90 centimeters. The pool bottom and the pool wall are made of stones or concrete, so it is easy to attach natural diatoms and increase the holding of aroma fish. fragrance.
3, stocking density and growth
When the amount of water is sufficient, an average of 400 fry can be stocked per 3.3 square meters. The growth rate of the aroma is related to the farming conditions and management. The commodity size is 80 grams.
4. Feed and feeding methods
Aphrodisiac formula formula (%) is: fish meal 25, animal protein powder 5, chicken powder 4, soybean meal 10, rice bran 15, purple head 5, distillers grains 8, vitamins and inorganic salt mixture 4, solid fat 6, crude corn Powder 10.
Feeding methods mostly use the bait method. The frequency of feeding is mainly based on the environmental factors such as the stocking density, development stage and water temperature, water quality and water volume of the fry. It has been observed that sweet and sour fish have a large amount of food in the morning and evening, so they should invest more in the morning and evening. Feeding amount is sufficient in dissolved oxygen, and the water temperature is 17% of fish weight at 17-22 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower than 17 degrees Celsius and the dissolved oxygen is low, the feeding amount should be reduced.
5. Aquaculture management
(1) Preparation of fry before stocking: Check and maintain all facilities before stocking, and pre-inject water about 15 days before seeding, so that the wall of the pond is covered with diatoms and then put on seedlings.
(2) Seedling purchase and transportation: Ayu is a rare species, artificial seedlings are currently only available in several nursery farms in Zhejiang and Hebei. Seed transport can be used for long-distance transport of cars, the water temperature of 17-19 degrees Celsius, the density of 7-8 tail / liter, after 7-8 hours, the survival rate of up to 98%; short-distance transport density can increase.
(3) Management of fry stocking at the initial stage: Before the fish fry are put into the fish pond, they must be disinfected with a medicinal bath so as not to bring the germs into the cultivating pool. The amount of antibiotics in the medicinal bath is about 1/5 to 1/10 of the amount of water. On the day of stocking, feeding can be carried out. The amount of feeding depends on the health of the fry and the weather. After a few days, the amount of bait is gradually increased to about 15%.
(4) Cultivation management: Generally, fish fry weighing 5-6 grams will be stocked in mid-March, and product specifications will be reached by early June. The sweetfish's bait coefficient is 2.5-3. Cultivation management mainly pays attention to the following aspects:
a. Feed more fresh, high nutritional value and animal protein-rich baits to produce larger-scale quotients
b, often pay attention to changes in water temperature, a sweet fish intolerance of low temperature, water temperature is low, easy to cause indigestion, when conditions can be increased to the optimum water temperature or increase feed, but avoid feeding more fat-containing food;
c.According to our observation, ayu are sometimes eaten from each other. Therefore, we must regularly patrol the pool to observe the aquarium's feeding and activities in order to timely adjust the amount of feeding:
d. Observe whether the activities of the fish in the pool are normal and changes in appetite. Check for disease or damage so as not to cause damage.
In summary, the success of aquaculture depends on the environmental factors and the level of management.
First, biological characteristics
1. Traveling habits
Sweetfish are mostly annual. Every year from February to May, when the river water temperature gradually rises to 10-15 degrees Celsius. When approaching the temperature of seawater, juveniles (2 to 3 cm in length) wintering in the sea enter the estuary. Juveniles grow and develop in the river. With the development of gonads, they migrate to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning in September-November. As the larvae grow and develop and the water temperature continues to fall, juveniles enter the sea for winter.
2. Habits
Ayu is also known as squid. It is said that this fish has the ability to "occupy the site." Wild ayu, which covers an area of ​​about one square meter, plus the scope of activities is only 23 square meters.
3. Intake habits
The dietary habits of ayu are similar to those of other plant-eating fish, and they are also animal-eating during the seedling stage. They turn into plant-eating and omnivorous as they develop. The larvae began to ingest food 4 to 5 days after their hatching. Their body length was about 4 cm. They began to eat cladocera and copepods and other small crustaceans and continued to migrate until the river. During the journey into the river, feeding organs evolved and feeding gradually changed to low algae.
4. Grow
The upper and lower limit of the temperature for the growth of sweetfish is 10-27 degrees Celsius. Within the range of 15-25 degrees Celsius, the growth rate is proportional to the temperature, generally 22-24 degrees Celsius, 22-24 degrees Celsius is the optimum growth temperature, and the lower temperature limit during winter 2-3 degrees Celsius. The main growth period of sachets is summer and autumn, and the largest one is about 500 grams;
5. Reproductive habits
Ayu is a fish that reproduces at the end of the fall, and spawning water temperatures drop from 19 degrees Celsius to 14 degrees Celsius. Eggs are sticky, egg diameter is about O.9-1.0 mm, and most of the broodstock died after spawning. The number of eggs laid can reach up to 130,000, with a minimum of 10,000 and usually 25,000.
Second, aquaculture technology
The aquaculture of squid began in Japan and China has already been tested in Zhejiang Province. Hebei Province has been successful in breeding and Taiwan Province is more prevalent.
1. Farm selection
The success of aquaculture depends on the conditions of water, water quality, feed, and management. Farming sites should be selected to have sufficient flow in the water source, generally reaching a flow rate of 27 liters per second, keeping the temperature of the water at 13 degrees Celsius or more, PH between 6.5 and 7.8, and the area where the feed is rich and pollution-free; the northern area should There are wintering facilities.
2. Aquarium design
(1) Fish pond size: The pond size depends on the water source and the amount of water. In general, each fish pond is suitable for 100-300 square meters.
(2) Fish pond structure: Round fish ponds have the best breeding effect. Round fish ponds do not cause dead ends. It is easy to contaminate the sewage near the central drainage area and it is easy to discharge in time to keep the water fresh. The circumference of the bottom of the pool should generally be maintained at a slope of 1/10 to 1/15. When the fish pond area is 100 square meters, the thickness of the pool wall should be 15 centimeters and the depth of water is 60-90 centimeters. The pool bottom and the pool wall are made of stones or concrete, so it is easy to attach natural diatoms and increase the holding of aroma fish. fragrance.
3, stocking density and growth
When the amount of water is sufficient, an average of 400 fry can be stocked per 3.3 square meters. The growth rate of the aroma is related to the farming conditions and management. The commodity size is 80 grams.
4. Feed and feeding methods
Aphrodisiac formula formula (%) is: fish meal 25, animal protein powder 5, chicken powder 4, soybean meal 10, rice bran 15, purple head 5, distillers grains 8, vitamins and inorganic salt mixture 4, solid fat 6, crude corn Powder 10.
Feeding methods mostly use the bait method. The frequency of feeding is mainly based on the environmental factors such as the stocking density, development stage and water temperature, water quality and water volume of the fry. It has been observed that sweet and sour fish have a large amount of food in the morning and evening, so they should invest more in the morning and evening. Feeding amount is sufficient in dissolved oxygen, and the water temperature is 17% of fish weight at 17-22 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower than 17 degrees Celsius and the dissolved oxygen is low, the feeding amount should be reduced.
5. Aquaculture management
(1) Preparation of fry before stocking: Check and maintain all facilities before stocking, and pre-inject water about 15 days before seeding, so that the wall of the pond is covered with diatoms and then put on seedlings.
(2) Seedling purchase and transportation: Ayu is a rare species, artificial seedlings are currently only available in several nursery farms in Zhejiang and Hebei. Seed transport can be used for long-distance transport of cars, the water temperature of 17-19 degrees Celsius, the density of 7-8 tail / liter, after 7-8 hours, the survival rate of up to 98%; short-distance transport density can increase.
(3) Management of fry stocking at the initial stage: Before the fish fry are put into the fish pond, they must be disinfected with a medicinal bath so as not to bring the germs into the cultivating pool. The amount of antibiotics in the medicinal bath is about 1/5 to 1/10 of the amount of water. On the day of stocking, feeding can be carried out. The amount of feeding depends on the health of the fry and the weather. After a few days, the amount of bait is gradually increased to about 15%.
(4) Cultivation management: Generally, fish fry weighing 5-6 grams will be stocked in mid-March, and product specifications will be reached by early June. The sweetfish's bait coefficient is 2.5-3. Cultivation management mainly pays attention to the following aspects:
a. Feed more fresh, high nutritional value and animal protein-rich baits to produce larger-scale quotients
b, often pay attention to changes in water temperature, a sweet fish intolerance of low temperature, water temperature is low, easy to cause indigestion, when conditions can be increased to the optimum water temperature or increase feed, but avoid feeding more fat-containing food;
c.According to our observation, ayu are sometimes eaten from each other. Therefore, we must regularly patrol the pool to observe the aquarium's feeding and activities in order to timely adjust the amount of feeding:
d. Observe whether the activities of the fish in the pool are normal and changes in appetite. Check for disease or damage so as not to cause damage.
In summary, the success of aquaculture depends on the environmental factors and the level of management.
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