(V) Organizing and rearing seedlings In recent years, new methods for rapid propagation of guava seedlings using tissue culture are quietly emerging and have developed into a more mature technology. The process of raising seedlings is as follows: The guava seedlings are planted in the vermiculite powder in the culture chamber at a temperature of 25+-2°C, a relative humidity of 85%, and a photoperiod of 16 hours (7 μmol/(m) of cool white daylight tube. Secondly)), prepare a disease-free 100-150 mm long shoot tip, disinfect it with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, and bubbling in human bromide (concentration 10 mg/kg). Rinse with sterile distilled water three times. Explants were cultured in 10 ml agar media in 25 mm x 150 mm incubator tubes. After 6 weeks the explants were transferred to a 250 ml conical flask and the agar medium was increased to 100 ml. For further shoot or root culture, the explants (basal blocks) were transferred to agar medium plus !mg/L benzyl adenine (BA). Proliferate cultures using OM medium plus !mg/L benzyl adenine. The rooting medium was transferred to the rooting medium when the axillary buds were at least 1 cm, and 10 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L were added to the proliferation medium (without benzyladenine). Acid (IBA). The pH was first adjusted to 5.2 and then 6 g/l oxoid 3 agar medium was added. The medium must be sterilized in a pressure cooker at 121°C for 20 minutes. The explants were cultured at 25+2C with a photoperiod of 16-hour [cold white fluorescent tube 47 micromol/(msec)]. The rooted seedlings were planted in a 7.5 cm deep peat soil mixture and kept spraying for 2 seconds every 2 minutes for 2 weeks. The seedlings were then planted in a greenhouse. Second, the establishment of orchards (a) the choice of the site and the soil requirements 1. The choice of guava garden for the climatic conditions and the choice of the garden must be based on the climatic factors. Although guava is a tropical fruit tree, hi light can also endure high temperature and grow very well in the South Asian subtropics. The optimum temperature for growth is 23-28°C. At 1-2°C, most of the above-ground parts of the young trees are frozen to death. However, its resilience is strong. Hunchun sprouts shoots from the trunk and the base of the base. The guava begins to grow at 15°C, the growth is slow and even stops at a low temperature, the leaves are purple, and the photosynthetic capacity is poor, which is not conducive to flowering and fruiting. During fruit ripening, poor quality occurs when the temperature is below 15°C. The area with the lowest monthly average temperature above 15°C is the most suitable area for cultivation of guava, and the minimum monthly average temperature is above 10°C for economic cultivation. Guava is hi-water and has strong moisture resistance. Most of Guangdong Province is accustomed to planting in paddy fields, ponds, and embankments. Its growth is significantly stronger than in arid regions. In Chaoan, guava is grown in a paddy field with high groundwater levels, and its growth and results are quite good. However, guava is also resistant to drought. In India, some regions with an annual rainfall of about 500 mm have also seen growth, which is more drought-resistant than ordinary fruit trees. In the tropics, with an annual rainfall of between 3, 000 and 3,800 millimeters, guava grows vigorously and is very productive. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the management of the orchards in the future so as to produce good economic benefits. 2. Soil requirements and choice of guava in the garden are not strict with the soil, and they are suitable for sandy soils, clayey soils, vermiculite and other soil types. However, it is better to use sandy loam rich in organic matter with deep soil and good drainage. Can adapt to the soil ph range of 4.5-8.2, but the best PH of 5.5-6.5. For an orchard dominated by the production of counter-seasonal fruits, the soil with better fertility should be selected. It grows quickly on sandy soils with rich soil layers and rich organic matter. The yield is high and the quality is good. Drought, infertile mountainous areas, and hilly soils need to be improved and organic fertilizers must be added in order to ensure normal growth and flowering results. In general, if there is enough sunshine, the guava will have good results and better quality. The guava field should be planted in areas with sufficient sunlight, but cultivation should also be done to block the strong sunlight and prevent burns. Some red soils and sandy lands in the tropical and southern subtropical regions of China have poor soil structure, extremely low organic matter content, poor air permeability or water and fertilizer conservation, and soil improvement must be carried out when planting. (b) Orchard Planning and Design 1. The division of the planting area The size of the planting area must be determined according to the actual conditions of the field. To properly divide the planting area, the following requirements must be met: The soil and climatic conditions in the area are roughly the same. 2 It is easy to prevent the erosion of orchard soil. 3 It is easy to prevent wind damage in orchards. 4 is conducive to transport and mechanized operations in orchards. The natural conditions of the mountainous area are very different, and irrigation and transportation are inconvenient. The area of ​​the community can be reduced to 1-2 hectares. The most suitable area for orchard cultivation is 8-12 hectares of large orchards. Flatland planting areas should not be too small, otherwise roads and drainage channels will occupy too much land and the land utilization rate will be low. The shape of the planting area is preferably rectangular, and the long side should be perpendicular to the wind direction. The long side of the mountain planting area must be parallel to the contour. 2. The roads, packing yards and buildings set up roads consist of trunk roads, branch roads and small roads. The trunk roads run through the whole park and connect with highways, packaging plants, etc. to transport products and fertilizers. They can be zigzag in the mountain orchards. Do not climb more than 8 degrees around the mountain, the slope should not exceed 8 degrees, the road should be 5-8 meters wide, the branch road should be in proper location, and the area should be divided into large areas, with a width of 4-6 meters, and the road width between the communities should be 2-3 meters. . The packaging plant may be located in the center of the orchard, and the medicine pools and dispensing stations should be located in convenient locations or communities. In mountainous orchards and livestock ranches, they should be located in high places where composting and transporting are convenient. The packing yards and warehouses should be located at low places. Feiyuan lacks offices to build a garden, but also has to provide a green manure base in the land planning. 3. Protecting forests to create orchards to create shelterbelts can not only prevent typhoons and winds from harming, but also regulate air humidity and temperature, and reduce the hazards of freezing and other disasters. According to studies, it is believed that by constructing shelter forests, orchards can increase the humidity of orchards, reduce the difference in humidity, increase the average fruit weight and fruit yield, and the establishment of shelterbelts is a necessary technical measure in guava production. The effective windbreak distance of the shelterbelt is 25-35 times the height of the tree. The direction and distance of the shelter forest are mainly determined by the local wind direction and wind power. Generally, the direction of the main forest belt is set perpendicular to the main wind direction. Where the wind is large and large, the belt distance can be closer, and 200-300 meters is appropriate. Wherever the wind is small, about 500 meters is appropriate. The tree species of windbreak forests should have tree species with rapid growth, high tree height, lush foliage, good windproof effect, long lifespan, and no common diseases and insect pests with guava. Try to use native tree species. China Agricultural Network Editor
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