In order to make vegetables with high quality, high yield, and high efficiency, it is possible to increase the economic income by mentioning the morning market. Because the use of cover cultivation can play a role in water conservation, fertilizer conservation, increase soil temperature, reduce the risk of pests and weeds, and promote the early maturing of vegetables and high yield, to achieve the purpose of high quality and efficiency. According to the planting experience of farmers in Shuangsheng, Yongle and other places for many years, the use of plastic mulch for vegetable cultivation in addition to regular technical measures, must also carefully grasp the following points:
The first is to plow till the whole house. Vegetables covered with mulch must be ploughed as soon as possible. When plowing, it is necessary to eliminate debris, and then apply 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms of high-quality soil-fertilizer, 20 to 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 to 15 kilograms of potassium chloride or 15 to 20 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. The car will be shaped into a "bow back" shape, and then open the hole sowing or transplanting to prevent car surface water.
The second is to use early quality varieties. Vegetables covered with mulching film should use early maturing, disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yield varieties, such as early-ripened eggplant, pepper, tomato and early mature cucumber, sweet pepper, and kidney bean. The sowing date can be 10-15 days earlier than that of open cultivation, so as to fully utilize the mulching film to increase the production of heat preservation.
The third is to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After the vegetables are cultivated by mulching and mulching, the absorption of phosphorus and potassium will increase significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately add phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Can be combined with irrigation in the gap between the car, or after planting in the hole outside the farm fertilizer. When topdressing chemical fertilizers, holes can be applied to the mulch, or the mulch can be removed from the rows. After the application, cover the mulch again. At the same time, spraying can also be combined with foliar spray to promote vegetable growth.
The fourth is to seriously cover the mulch. The quality of the cover film has a great influence on the output. Before covering the membrane, check soil moisture, preferably 70 to 80% of field water capacity. When laying the film, the mulch film should be laid flat and tightened with soil around it to prevent air leakage. The seed film is first sown to facilitate emergence of seedlings and seedlings; it may also be transplanted after filming.
Debris at the membrane should be compacted with soil, first after sowing the cover film, after the emergence of membrane rupture seedling membrane. For transplanting seedlings, they can be transplanted according to the desired spacing.
The fifth is to do a good job of field management in a timely manner. Vegetables grown with plastic film generally do not require cultivating and weeding. However, it is necessary to inspect and repair the breakage of the film frequently to remove the water in the film area. When weeds grow in the membrane for a long time, weeding can be carried out with soil pressure. After harvesting, the residual film should be removed in time to prevent contamination of the field.
Conditional farmers can use middle sheds or greenhouses for planting, which will have better yield and value-added effects.
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