Foliar application of fertilizer in the growing season of fruit trees is an effective means to supplement the lack of soil fertilization. It has the characteristics of small amount of fertilizer, high utilization rate, rapid function, and obvious effect, which can avoid the fixed loss of soil fertilization. Especially when there is a lack of water, the soil fertilization is not easy to exert. The adoption of foliar spray fertilizer can effectively improve the nutrient status of the tree and create conditions for the growth and development of fruit trees. The following matters should be taken into consideration when spraying foliage fertilizer.
First, pay attention to the spraying time and dosage
1. Nitrogen fertilizers should generally be used in the early and late growth stages of fruit trees, with appropriate phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Appropriate spraying concentration can effectively promote the growth of new shoots, increase fruit yield, and favor flower bud differentiation. The pre-use concentration of urea 0.2% ~ 0.3%, the later use of the concentration of 0.3% ~ 0.5%; pre-consumption of human urine use 0.5% concentration, the latter use the concentration of 10%.
2. Phosphate fertilizer spraying should master the principle of less early period and more middle and late period. The best effect is ammonium phosphate, the concentration is 0.5%-1%; the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2%-0.5%; the concentration of the superphosphate is 1%-3%.
3. Potassium fertilizer is mostly used in the middle and later stages. Can effectively promote fruit coloring, improve fruit quality, and enhance resistance to disease. Potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate are used in concentrations of 0.3% to 0.5%; grass ash is 5 to 15 kg of water plus 0.5 kg. After soaking for 24 hours, the residue can be filtered and sprayed.
4. Trace elements. The lobular disease was found in the previous year. It can be sprayed 3% to 5% one month before the budding of the fruit trees and 0.15% to 0.25% zinc sulfate solution during the growth period. When the leaves were found to be chlorogenic and yellow-white, a 0.3% to 0.5% ferrous sulfate solution was sprayed once every half month during the growth period. Found that the fruit shrinkage deformity, the appearance of dry spots, but before and after flowering the next year, spray 0.3% ~ 0.5% borax.
Second, pay attention to spraying time
It is best to spray on a cloudy and windless day. The time should be before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Sprinkling nitrogen fertilizer at full flowering stage can increase fruit setting rate; spraying nitrogen fertilizer at young fruit stage can promote the expansion of young fruit; Spraying nitrogen fertilizer in May and June, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can effectively promote flower bud differentiation; spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at later stage can increase sugar content and promote coloration; Trace elements can be sprayed before and after flowering.
Third, pay attention to spraying method
Foliar spraying can be carried out alone, or several fertilizers can be sprayed or mixed with pesticides to save labor. However, mixed spray should pay attention to fertilizer or pesticides can not produce fertilizer or injury. Urea is a neutral fertilizer that can be mixed with a variety of pesticides. Different acid and alkaline pesticides and fertilizers can not be mixed, such as a variety of micro-fertilizer can not be mixed with grass ash, lime and other alkaline fertilizers; zinc fertilizer can not be mixed with superphosphate. Before fertilizers and pesticides are mixed, put a small amount of each solution into the same container. If no turbidity, sedimentation, or bubbles occur, it means that they can be mixed. Otherwise, they cannot be mixed. When the leaves are sprayed with fertilizer, they must be top-bottomed, evenly and thoroughly, and the leaves should be sprayed mainly.
The effective period of foliar spraying fertilizer is generally only 12 to 15 days, and it needs continuous spraying for 2 to 3 times or more. Long-term spraying will affect root growth and weaken the physiological function of the root system. Therefore, the foliar spray fertilizer should be used as the basis of soil fertilization. A complementary measure to quickly recharge nutrition.
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