Common drug poisoning in chickens and its control measures
With the development of the aquaculture industry, the development of diseases is also constantly changing. In order to prevent the occurrence of various diseases, it is inevitable to administer medicines. However, if the method of administration is improper (such as excessive dose or long time), it will cause drug poisoning, which will seriously affect the health and production performance of the chicken, and even cause a large number of deaths. Here are some common drug poisoning and its prevention and control measures.
First, sulfa drug poisoning
1, clinical symptoms. For chickens of all ages, if the amount of sulfa drugs is too large, continuous treatment for too long (more than 7 days) can cause severe acute poisoning, especially for chicks. Mainly manifested as: depressed spirit, weak body, sharp loss of appetite or waste, rapid breathing, crown purpura, visible mucosal jaundice, anemia, rash under the wings, feces was soy sauce, sometimes gray, egg production It fell sharply and soft shell eggs appeared. Some chickens died.
2, necropsy changes. The most common lesions are bleeding from the skin, muscles, and internal organs. Hepatomegaly, reddish purple or brownish, with hemorrhagic spots and necrotic lesions; enlarged kidney with yellowish soil, bleeding spots, thicker ureters, full of urate; glandular and mucous membranes, sarcoplasmic submucosa and small intestinal mucosal bleeding Splenomegaly, with bleeding spots and grayish necrotic areas.
3, prevention. (1) Chicks and laying hens under 1 month of age should avoid the use of sulfonamides. (2) Different doses of various sulfa drugs should be strictly controlled to prevent overdose, and the continuous drug use time should not exceed 5 days. (3) The use of sulfa drugs containing synergists, such as compound enuremic net, compound sulfamethoxazole, etc., with a small amount and relatively low toxicity. (4) In the treatment of intestinal diseases, such as coccidiosis, the sulfa drugs with lower intestinal absorption rate should be selected, such as the compound enemy bacteria net. On the one hand, the high concentration in the intestine can improve the therapeutic effect, while the blood concentration is low and the toxicity is low. (5) Be sure to supply sufficient drinking water during medication.
4, treatment. Found that poisoning should be stopped immediately, to provide adequate drinking water, and add 1% -2% of baking soda, vitamin C 0.2g per kilogram of feed, vitamin K35 mg, for several days until the symptoms disappeared.
Second, olaquindox poisoning
1, clinical symptoms. In the case of poisoning in general, it is often a strong chicken who suddenly twitches or opposes his bow and falls to death. Sometimes it can be seen with a crown, hairpins, a twisted neck, a mucus, a soft foot, or even a cramp. When the flock is diarrhea, there are occasions of dazedness and occasional trance. The time of death is not concentrated, and it is often in the form of distribution. The number of casualties varies from almost daily to almost a few, and it can be maintained for as little as half a day and as long as two months. The mortality rate varies greatly depending on the size, frequency, and interval of the drug used, ranging from 3% to 60%.
2, necropsy changes. Severe systemic bleeding. The meningeal was a little bit like bleeding and the lungs were dark red. Heart crowns often condense needle tip size bleeding points. Liver, kidney swelling, crisp, dark red color, occasionally there is bleeding under the capsule. Adeno-gastric mucosa flushing, nipple bleeding, at the junction of the glandular stomach and muscle stomach dark brown superficial ulcer lesions, severe muscle ulcer. The appearance of the intestinal wall congestion, mucosal bleeding. Cecal tonsil bleeding, some rectal paralysis and expansion of hernia. The follicle development of laying hens was normal, and the filling and bleeding were serious, and the cloacal mucosa was bleeding.
3, preventive measures. Olaquindox should be carefully used according to instructions. Use several times for a period of time and let it be fully excreted before use. Do not use drinking water. Avoid the use of other antibacterial drugs during the use of olaquindox.
4, treatment. After finding poisoning, it should be stopped immediately. Multi-dimensional multi-dimensional factors, especially vitamin C, vitamin E. Use green bean dipped in water and drink with 5% glucose water. Heavier poisoning may be supplemented with oral rehydration salts as appropriate to promote excretion and reduce absorption.
Third, furazolidone poisoning
1, clinical symptoms. The chickens rowed yellow water samples and dung, reduced feed intake, increased drinking desire, and some exhibited mental morbidity, eyes closed, unstable standing, chickens shaking their heads, tremors, or fell to the ground due to loss of balance, and their legs and wings were stiff and even angled. Bow reversed. Loss of appetite or abolishment, drooping wings, lying and lying, pale cocks. Some chickens were excited and shook their heads and necks, heads and necks reversed, screaming, turning around, suddenly fell to the ground, and twitched to death. The robust chickens that eat fast and have a large amount of food have more severe clinical symptoms.
2, necropsy changes. Diseased and dead chickens, liver color yellow, liver slightly atrophy, and disseminated with a white star-shaped necrosis foci; kidney swelling, yellowish; oral, hernia sac, intestinal yellow mucus, and some small intestine with yellow foam and water Liquid, small intestine mucosa with mild bleeding and bleeding, easy to fall off. The mucous membranes of the glandular stomach are yellow stained, and the keratinocytes of the stomach and muscle are yellow, with ulceration and easy to peel. Subcutaneous edema. There is a pale yellow exudate, the heart dilates, and the ventricular wall becomes thin. The lungs were pale red, and the cut surface was red foam-like fluid with ascites.
3, strictly control the amount of additives. Generally, 25-35 mg is added per kilogram of feed. For antibacterial treatment, 10 mg per kilogram of body weight is administered twice a day.
4, treatment. The feeds of furazolidone and furazolidone were stopped immediately. Give chickens 5% glucose water, vitamin C powder, add 50kg of water per 10g; vitamin B1, 25mg per chicken per day, vitamin B12 injection, 15ml per 100 chickens, let the chickens freely drink water, and the condition is serious with dropper irrigation . Continuous treatment for 3 days.
Tetracycline poisoning
1, clinical symptoms. Chicken intake decreased, egg production decreased significantly. Most of the chickens are diarrhea, soft-legged, and the chicken's crest is atrophic and white. The skin is purple and the feathers are dull and dull. The chicks are slow growing and have a mental depression.
2, necropsy changes. Adenoidal wall, duodenal wall edema, mucous membrane shedding, submucosal hemorrhage with diffuse size, keratinized muscle, gastric mucosa, cracked or ulcerated, liver yellowish and turbid, swollen, fragile, renal enlargement Congestion, ureteral dilatation. Some chicken hearts, liver, lungs, and air pockets are lime-like.
3, control the dosage and continuous medication time. With oxytetracycline should be prescribed according to the provisions of the general body weight per kilogram of 25-50 mg each time, twice daily, continuous medication time does not exceed 7 days. When medication is repeated, it should be 2-3 days apart.
4, treatment. After the poisoning was detected, oxytetracycline was immediately stopped and the chicken was served with mung bean soup, licorice water or 5% dextrose solution.
V. Maduramycin poisoning
1, clinical symptoms. Mainly for the chickens, the amount of water and feed intake were reduced, pulling green and thin feces, weight loss, dry skin paws, dark red, weak legs, walking difficulties. If you stop the drug, there is usually no death. The main manifestations of acute poisoning are marked reduction or elimination of diet, and weakness or paralysis of both legs, which can cause varying degrees of death.
2, necropsy changes. The main cases of chronic poisoning were chest muscles and leg muscles; the liver and kidneys were swollen and dark red; the small intestine was congested. The main cases of acute poisoning are liver and kidney enlargement, congestion and brownish color. Intestinal mucosa showed diffuse bleeding, but muscle bleeding was not obvious.
3, preventive measures. The dosage should not be arbitrarily increased. The standard amount of maduramycin used is 510-6, that is, 1 ton of feed is added with pure maduramycin 5g, and there is no prevention and treatment of maduramycin. Because the use of Maduramycin exceeds 6.510-6, it is no longer safe, so do not increase the amount of use. Add the feed must be fully mixed. Continuous use time should not be too long. After 7 days of continuous use, broiler chickens should be deactivated for 3-5 days, and broilers must be deactivated a week before they are listed.
4, treatment. Immediate withdrawal of feed containing Maduramycin and other anticoccidial or antibacterial drugs. Add 3% glucose and 0.02% vitamin C to drinking water to improve the disease resistance and detoxification ability of the chicken body. Heavily symptomatic chickens can be fed by infusion tubes twice a day, and the birds can return to normal about 5 days after discontinuation.
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