Soil is the most important material basis for high-quality and high-yield vegetables. However, with the large-scale development of vegetable facilities, the phenomenon of soil deterioration has become more and more serious. Soil deterioration is mainly reflected in soil compaction, aggravation of salinization, lack of trace elements, and imbalance of soil microflora.
I. Soil consolidation and salinization increase
Hazard: In most vegetable plots, there are long-term and large-scale unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers. The phenomenon is that not only the use of basic fertilizers is large, but also the top-dressing is used in large quantities. This results in serious damage to the soil aggregate structure and reduced air permeability. Oxygenous microbial activity declines and the soil matures slowly, resulting in soil compaction. One of the hazards of soil hardening to vegetables is that the roots are difficult to tie down. Second, even if the root system can plunge, the oxygen content in the soil will be too low, causing root collapse. Soil salinization refers to the increase of salt ions in the soil after long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, hindering the normal absorption of water in the roots of vegetables, and thus affecting the growth of plants. In severe cases, vegetables are just like being planted in salt water, causing dead trees in the pickled roots. The severity of soil salt damage was divided into two types. The initial ground had a frost and then developed into a green skin “mossâ€. The vegetables in the shed were still normal. When the ground was moderate, many blocky red gums appeared, and after drying, it turned into a “red creamâ€. "The vegetables in the shed grow to appear wilting in the middle period; when the soil is too salty, white crystals appear on the ground," salt cream ", and the root system of the vegetables in the shed is particularly small after colonization, and the death is increased in the later period.
Remedy: At present, better measures to solve soil compaction and salinization are to use steamed sap terrine, 300 grams per mu. When used, loosely mix 30 to 40 kilograms of loose soil and apply it to the roots of vegetables, then pour them. Water can be. After using loose soil, the physical function of loose soil fines can improve the structure of soil granules, loosen and breathe the soil, promote the down-rooting of vegetable roots, and ensure the absorption of nutrients and moisture by vegetables.
Second, soil microbial imbalance
Hazard: Some of the biological bacteria in the soil are beneficial bacteria that play a better role in the soil and improve the environment in which the roots grow; and some bacteria are harmful bacteria that cause many soil-borne diseases and cause death. Dead seedlings. With the extension of planting time, the number of harmful bacteria in the soil is increasing, and beneficial bacteria cannot be supplemented, which leads to the imbalance of soil microbial flora.
Solution: In order to solve the problem of soil microbial flora, the use of fungicides alone to kill pathogens in the soil is not feasible. We can only think of ways to supplement the amount of beneficial bacteria in the soil and make beneficial bacteria in the soil. Regaining a balance of harmful bacteria will not affect the growth of vegetables. The current supplement of soil beneficial bacteria can be used to increase the production of micro-bacteria, using 500 grams per acre +50 grams of additives (the purpose of the adjuvant is to raise bacteria), doped soil 30 to 40 kg, according to the conditions of the plot, a growing season to use 1 ~ 2 times.
Third, the lack of trace elements
Hazard: Continuous cropping is a common phenomenon in vegetable cultivation. However, growing vegetables in successive years is likely to cause a bias in soil nutrients, especially trace elements such as boron, zinc, and iron. As a result, the shortage of nutrients caused by the disease has become more and more serious and has greatly affected the quality of vegetables. Growth and development, reduced yield, and decreased quality.
Solution: Add trace elements to choose the right product, the second is to choose the best use of time, the third is to master the amount. No matter whether it is fruit or vegetable, there are 3 ways to supplement the trace elements:
1. Bottom application: Bottom-based superior boron zinc + Rui green. Youli boron zinc supplement zinc supplementation, 200 grams per acre; Rui green EDDHA chelated state of the most stable iron fertilizer, 50 grams per mu of land consumption. When fertilizing soil preparation, Uni-Bo-Zinc and Rui-Green are evenly mixed and used together with other fertilizers.
2. Chong Shi: Chong Shi Rui Peilei. Ruipei Le contains six trace elements including iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum. Its content is high, its utilization rate is high, and its usage is small. Each time, 100 grams per acre can be used, combined with fertilization and supplementation. Elements to solve various deficiency diseases, balance the ratio of vegetables to absorb NPK, and change the quality of vegetables.
3. Foliar spraying: Foliar spray of trace elements is suitable for the lighter physiological diseases of the deficiency syndrome, and in order to ensure the absorption rate, fine chelated fertilizer should be selected. The use of Boron to use Ruibo boron, zinc supplementation use of Ruipei zinc, calcium use of Riparei calcium, iron use Swiss green. Note that foliar spraying of trace elements, with the fruit and vegetable treasure 750 times solution (including rare earth, etc.) used together, the effect is better.
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