Japanese saccharomycopsis is one of the important species of mariculture in China. At present, it mainly adopts extensive and semi-intensive breeding, and the yield is relatively low. Moreover, the success rate of breeding is low. The breeding success rate in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan provinces in South China is less than 10%. . How to develop a high-yield, safe, and efficient breeding mode for Japanese shrimp prawn has become a key issue in adjusting the structure of shrimp culture, increasing economic benefits, and maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of sea shrimp aquaculture. The high mulch cultivation mode is the main mode of intensive culture of shrimp in South China. In 1998, the author first used mulch in Sanjiang, Hainan, Hainan, to conduct prawn culture trials, and used mulch to transform aging shrimp ponds to achieve success and promote it in large scale. The farming model was also used successfully for the cultivation of white shrimps in South America. Since 1999, the plastic film culture of Japanese saccharin shrimp has been carried out. In 2008, the high-yield culture experiment of Japanese saccharomyces prawn was carried out at Sanjiang Base, Changjiang-Nanjiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hainan Province. . Through experiments, a set of Japanese shrimp prawn without specific pathogens - high-yielding aquaculture technology was established.
I. Experimental location and conditions
1. Test site: Four plastic film sand traps (211#, 212#, 311#, and 312#) were used at Sanjiang Base of Changjiang-Nanjiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Hainan Province. The pond area was 0.313hm2 and the shrimps were used for Japanese prawn. No specific pathogen - aquaculture high yield test.
2. Test conditions: The pond structure is a modified high-position film tank, and its basic structure is similar to that of other water-producing intensive farming models. It consists of five parts, namely, the water intake system, the shrimp pond, the central sewage drainage system, and the Oxygen systems and intermediate reservoirs treat the water system. The water intake system includes a seawater sand filter, a diversion canal or a pipeline, a hydropower device, a shrimp pond inlet, and a water inlet pipe. The drainage system is shared by the central sewerage and drainage of shrimp ponds, and the drainage pipes are brought into the total drainage channel to enter the sea. Oxygen-increasing equipment is equipped with a 0.75 kW waterwheel-type aerator per acre, which is turned on and off depending on the dissolved oxygen in the pool water. The water in the intermediate reservoir accounts for 20% of the aquaculture pond area, and the two ponds are used in turn. The bottom of the pond is covered with a plastic film and the thickness of the sand layer is 30-40 cm, preventing leakage and facilitating the complete removal of pathogens. The Artemia nauplii and natural fishmeal were fed within 15 days of the culture process, and fed artificially for 15 days.
3. Pathogen-detection: mainly detected white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellowhead virus (YHV), infectious muscle necrosis virus ( IMNV) and necrotic hepato-pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB) and other six pathogens, using semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR reagents and methods provided by Taiwan Ruiji International Co., Ltd. Semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR assay:
Reagent mix: First PCR: 8μl/reaction, First PCR PreMix 7.5μl, IQzyme DNA Polymerase 2U/μl 0.5μl; Second PCR (Nested PCR): 15μl, Nested PCR Polymerase 2U /μl.
Reaction conditions: First PCR: 94°C for 2 min; then 94°C for 20 s; 72°C for 30 s, repeated 15 laps; after the last round, add 72°C for 30 s, 20°C for 30 s conditions of. The second amplification reaction (Nested PCR): 94°C for 20 s; 62°C for 20 s; 72°C for 30 s, repeated 30 laps; after the last lap, 72°C for 30 s and 20°C for 30 s were added. The PCR product was then subjected to electrophoresis detection on agar gel, and the result was confirmed by fluorescence ultraviolet imaging.
Second, the test results
The planting time was July 20, 2008, and the seedling density was 1.125 million/hm2. The shrimp collection time began on December 10, 2008 and the harvest time was 143-152 d. The average yield was 5645 kg/hm2. 100-116 tail/kg, the output value is 565030 yuan/hm2, the profit is 398030 yuan/hm2, the bait coefficient is 1.75, the survival rate is 55%-60%, and the breeding success rate is 100%. Cultured shrimp did not carry white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), taura- syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus (YHV), infectious muscle necrosis virus (IMNV) and There are six pathogens, such as necrotic hepato-pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB).
Third, discuss
Japanese sac-prawn farming mainly controls the following five key points:
1. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of shrimp ponds: Using high-pressure water guns to clean the sand layer covered by the mulching film, plowing, exposing the sun, etc. The whole process takes about 1 month, then the influent water is 20-30cm to cover the bottom of the pool. The use of bleaching powder or other chlorine-containing disinfectants with an effective chlorine concentration of 50-100 g/m3 completely kills the host pathogen-organism and pathogen-bearing host organisms and drains the pool water 24 hours later. Then pour water into the water.
2. Shrimp carrier pathogens - Detection: Detection method and quantity of shrimp seedlings. Semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR was used to detect WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, YHV, IMNV, and NHPB. The number of samples was divided into 150 groups and divided into 30 groups. Five groups were tested. All five groups were negative, and it was confirmed that the shrimps did not carry the above pathogens. , achieving 95% confidence.
3. Comprehensive treatment of aquaculture water: The aquaculture water shall be firstly filtered through the sand, and then the chlorine-containing disinfectant such as sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder may be used to treat the aquaculture water with the available chlorine concentration of 15-20 g/m3. After the residual chlorine disappears, 105-106 is used. Treatment of photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus spp./ml inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria and could be used at 72 h, but the use of photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus spp. Disinfectants are best used in rotation to avoid drug resistance.
4. The selection and use of feed: the use of high-quality bait, strictly control the amount of feeding, a small number of times. In the early stage of seedling release, generally the seedlings are released within 10 days, and it is best to use shrimp chips, Artemia or natural fish meal for nutrient fortification, and live baits such as Artemia are required for detection. WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, and semiquantitative IQ2000TM PCR are used for detection. The YHV, IMNV, and NHPB were not allowed to be used unless they were confirmed to carry the pathogen.
5. Daily management
1) Control of predator organisms: mainly to prevent the spread of pathogens from crabs, birds and mice - Crabs are usually trapped in crab cages, and small crabs can be used to inject lime into crab holes or put acetylene blocks into crab holes. Crab kills. The damage of birds and rats can only be prevented at present, especially for some wading birds. It is possible to increase the pond water level and increase the steepness of the pool wall so that these birds cannot swim. For general eating fish, you can insert some branches or elephants on the edge of the pond to scare away birds. The positive approach is to send someone to guard.
2) Treatment of aquaculture water in the middle and later stages: Equipped with a storage tank that covers approximately 10% to 20% of the aquaculture area. The aquaculture process can be supplemented with a small amount of multiple additions and μ-water or trans-water storage can be added. Sedimentation pond treated seawater.
All treated aquaculture waters, including the first influent water and the subsequent replacement water, need to be treated with treated water. Generally, comprehensive treatment methods using chemical precipitation combined with biological methods are used to treat aquaculture water. The specific measure is to first adopt the available chlorine concentration 15-20. G/m3 sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder and other chlorine-containing disinfectants were used to treat aquaculture water. After 72 hours, photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus 105-106/ml could be used for 72 h. However, when the amount of seawater suspended particles is too large, the dosage should be increased. In addition, disinfectants are best used in rotation to avoid drug resistance.
3) Regular sampling of phytoplankton in shrimp and shrimp ponds, and timely measures: using semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR to detect WSSV and other viruses and bacteria, etc., sampling the same number of shrimp seedlings: 150 samples per pool, divided into 30/group, total detection 5 groups, achieving 95% confidence.
I. Experimental location and conditions
1. Test site: Four plastic film sand traps (211#, 212#, 311#, and 312#) were used at Sanjiang Base of Changjiang-Nanjiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in Hainan Province. The pond area was 0.313hm2 and the shrimps were used for Japanese prawn. No specific pathogen - aquaculture high yield test.
2. Test conditions: The pond structure is a modified high-position film tank, and its basic structure is similar to that of other water-producing intensive farming models. It consists of five parts, namely, the water intake system, the shrimp pond, the central sewage drainage system, and the Oxygen systems and intermediate reservoirs treat the water system. The water intake system includes a seawater sand filter, a diversion canal or a pipeline, a hydropower device, a shrimp pond inlet, and a water inlet pipe. The drainage system is shared by the central sewerage and drainage of shrimp ponds, and the drainage pipes are brought into the total drainage channel to enter the sea. Oxygen-increasing equipment is equipped with a 0.75 kW waterwheel-type aerator per acre, which is turned on and off depending on the dissolved oxygen in the pool water. The water in the intermediate reservoir accounts for 20% of the aquaculture pond area, and the two ponds are used in turn. The bottom of the pond is covered with a plastic film and the thickness of the sand layer is 30-40 cm, preventing leakage and facilitating the complete removal of pathogens. The Artemia nauplii and natural fishmeal were fed within 15 days of the culture process, and fed artificially for 15 days.
3. Pathogen-detection: mainly detected white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellowhead virus (YHV), infectious muscle necrosis virus ( IMNV) and necrotic hepato-pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB) and other six pathogens, using semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR reagents and methods provided by Taiwan Ruiji International Co., Ltd. Semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR assay:
Reagent mix: First PCR: 8μl/reaction, First PCR PreMix 7.5μl, IQzyme DNA Polymerase 2U/μl 0.5μl; Second PCR (Nested PCR): 15μl, Nested PCR Polymerase 2U /μl.
Reaction conditions: First PCR: 94°C for 2 min; then 94°C for 20 s; 72°C for 30 s, repeated 15 laps; after the last round, add 72°C for 30 s, 20°C for 30 s conditions of. The second amplification reaction (Nested PCR): 94°C for 20 s; 62°C for 20 s; 72°C for 30 s, repeated 30 laps; after the last lap, 72°C for 30 s and 20°C for 30 s were added. The PCR product was then subjected to electrophoresis detection on agar gel, and the result was confirmed by fluorescence ultraviolet imaging.
Second, the test results
The planting time was July 20, 2008, and the seedling density was 1.125 million/hm2. The shrimp collection time began on December 10, 2008 and the harvest time was 143-152 d. The average yield was 5645 kg/hm2. 100-116 tail/kg, the output value is 565030 yuan/hm2, the profit is 398030 yuan/hm2, the bait coefficient is 1.75, the survival rate is 55%-60%, and the breeding success rate is 100%. Cultured shrimp did not carry white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), taura- syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus (YHV), infectious muscle necrosis virus (IMNV) and There are six pathogens, such as necrotic hepato-pancreatitis bacteria (NHPB).
Third, discuss
Japanese sac-prawn farming mainly controls the following five key points:
1. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of shrimp ponds: Using high-pressure water guns to clean the sand layer covered by the mulching film, plowing, exposing the sun, etc. The whole process takes about 1 month, then the influent water is 20-30cm to cover the bottom of the pool. The use of bleaching powder or other chlorine-containing disinfectants with an effective chlorine concentration of 50-100 g/m3 completely kills the host pathogen-organism and pathogen-bearing host organisms and drains the pool water 24 hours later. Then pour water into the water.
2. Shrimp carrier pathogens - Detection: Detection method and quantity of shrimp seedlings. Semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR was used to detect WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, YHV, IMNV, and NHPB. The number of samples was divided into 150 groups and divided into 30 groups. Five groups were tested. All five groups were negative, and it was confirmed that the shrimps did not carry the above pathogens. , achieving 95% confidence.
3. Comprehensive treatment of aquaculture water: The aquaculture water shall be firstly filtered through the sand, and then the chlorine-containing disinfectant such as sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder may be used to treat the aquaculture water with the available chlorine concentration of 15-20 g/m3. After the residual chlorine disappears, 105-106 is used. Treatment of photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus spp./ml inhibited the proliferation of harmful bacteria and could be used at 72 h, but the use of photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus spp. Disinfectants are best used in rotation to avoid drug resistance.
4. The selection and use of feed: the use of high-quality bait, strictly control the amount of feeding, a small number of times. In the early stage of seedling release, generally the seedlings are released within 10 days, and it is best to use shrimp chips, Artemia or natural fish meal for nutrient fortification, and live baits such as Artemia are required for detection. WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, and semiquantitative IQ2000TM PCR are used for detection. The YHV, IMNV, and NHPB were not allowed to be used unless they were confirmed to carry the pathogen.
5. Daily management
1) Control of predator organisms: mainly to prevent the spread of pathogens from crabs, birds and mice - Crabs are usually trapped in crab cages, and small crabs can be used to inject lime into crab holes or put acetylene blocks into crab holes. Crab kills. The damage of birds and rats can only be prevented at present, especially for some wading birds. It is possible to increase the pond water level and increase the steepness of the pool wall so that these birds cannot swim. For general eating fish, you can insert some branches or elephants on the edge of the pond to scare away birds. The positive approach is to send someone to guard.
2) Treatment of aquaculture water in the middle and later stages: Equipped with a storage tank that covers approximately 10% to 20% of the aquaculture area. The aquaculture process can be supplemented with a small amount of multiple additions and μ-water or trans-water storage can be added. Sedimentation pond treated seawater.
All treated aquaculture waters, including the first influent water and the subsequent replacement water, need to be treated with treated water. Generally, comprehensive treatment methods using chemical precipitation combined with biological methods are used to treat aquaculture water. The specific measure is to first adopt the available chlorine concentration 15-20. G/m3 sodium hypochlorite or bleaching powder and other chlorine-containing disinfectants were used to treat aquaculture water. After 72 hours, photosynthetic bacteria or Bacillus 105-106/ml could be used for 72 h. However, when the amount of seawater suspended particles is too large, the dosage should be increased. In addition, disinfectants are best used in rotation to avoid drug resistance.
3) Regular sampling of phytoplankton in shrimp and shrimp ponds, and timely measures: using semi-quantitative IQ2000TM PCR to detect WSSV and other viruses and bacteria, etc., sampling the same number of shrimp seedlings: 150 samples per pool, divided into 30/group, total detection 5 groups, achieving 95% confidence.
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