Cangshan garlic is one of the most famous vegetables in Shandong. Garlic head is large, garlic skin is thin, and white garlic garlic is clean and tidy. The flavor is spicy and full-bodied. There are three cultivated varieties of Po tree, rough garlic, and high-potato. Among them, Poge has a strong growth potential and adaptability, is more cold-resistant and of good quality, and has the characteristics of fragrant, spicy, and sticky, and is widely planted. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
First, deep plowing, scientific fertilization garlic root string chordate fibrous roots, roots are more fragile, poor viability, 80% to 90% in 15-20 cm deep plowing layer, happy fertile loose soil environment, soil with loam is appropriate. After harvesting, the former crop should be ploughed and ploughed. The depth of ploughing should be about 20cm. After ploughing, the cultivars should be fine and smooth, so that the ground soil is fine and the soil is loose.
Garlic has a long growth period and requires more fertilizer. It should master the principle of "mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, supplemented by basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing". Generally 5000 kg of fertilizer per 667m2, 100kg of cake fertilizer and 75kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Phosphorus, potassium fertilizer each 50kg, 15kg diammonium phosphate, garlic multi-element medium and small fertilizer 25kg. Pay attention to soil miscellaneous fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and trace fertilizers, etc., and spread them into the soil. Cake fertilizer and diammonium can be used as seed fertilizers.
Second, timely sowing, improve the quality
1. Select seeds, graded according to the characteristics of the varieties, select head, large flaps, and flaps of garlic for seeding. Before sowing, the pods should be graded and remove rotten, infested and broken garlic, generally according to large, medium and small. Divided into 3 levels. When sowing, first sowing seeds (half weight about 500g), and then sowing 2 seeds (half weight about 400g), to be planted separately, do not mix. The tertiary valve is generally not used for seeding and can be used to produce garlic sprouts and garlic yellow.
2. Timely sowing According to many years of experiments, the most suitable sowing date for Cangshan garlic is in early October, before and after the cold dew, during this period, the daily average temperature is 16-17°C, and the temperature at the depth of 5cm is about 18°C. After sowing, generally 8 to 10 days after emergence, 13 days Qimiao. Before the winter, it achieved 5 leaves and 1 heart as strong seedlings, with well-developed root system, high cold-resistance and frost damage, and the following spring, it returned to green and grew strong.
3.Scientific sowing and sowing requires the depth of the ditch to be about 10cm, sowing depth 6 to 7cm, the depth, spacing, spacing between the plants should be uniform, and at the same time, it should be oriented, planted straight, and planted steadily, that is to say, the back side and the line of the garlic valve are parallel, so that space can be fully utilized. , improve the utilization of light energy. After sowing, we must sow flat, immediately irrigating the water, sinking the soil, and prompting garlic sprouts. If the watering is too little and too late, the species flap is easily exposed on the top of the root group and it is susceptible to freezing damage in winter.
4. Ensure appropriate planting density should be adapted to local conditions, and determine planting density based on sowing date, soil strength, production conditions, and management level. Many years of experiments have shown that the suitable planting density of Cangshan garlic is 3.5 to 45,000 per 667 m2, spacing 18 to 21 cm, and plant spacing 6 to 7.5 cm. Depending on the watering conditions, depending on the watering conditions, electrical irrigation or mechanical irrigation, rake width 100 ~ 150cm, each pod planted 5 to 8 lines, gongs should be higher; artificial water irrigation, rake width 60 ~ 80cm, each rake Plant 3 to 4 lines.
Third, strengthen field management and ensure that the focus of high-yield and stable production field management is water and fertilizer control and integrated pest and disease control.
1. Sowing time management When sowing, 50% fast keratin can be used per 667m2, or 5kg of procymidone 100g/150g can add 2kg of water and 200～250kg can be evenly seeded. Sclerotinia. After sowing can be sprayed 1 to 2 times 80% dichlorvos 800 times or 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500 times control onion fly. Seedlings were sprayed 2 to 3 times before emergence, and 2 shoots of seedlings were poured after the emergence of the seedlings, and the soil was sown as appropriate to promote seedling growth and lay the foundation for overwintering. After “Little Snow†is poured over the winter water, it will be ploughed and loosened to protect the water, cover some weeds, keep warm and keep seedlings, and safely pass winter.
2. Return to Youth Management In mid-February, the year before the “convulsionsâ€, the temperature rose and garlic sprouted. Before and after the vernal equinox, to remove the grass cover, to help the good, 667m2 chase mixed fertilizer 3000kg, potash or 15kg of diammonium phosphate, the ditch applied underground, then watering, and if appropriate, scratching loose soil, eliminate weeds. For the control of mantle, 40% methylisothiphos 700 times or 40% phoxim 1500 times can be used to irrigate roots.
3. Garlic growing period management If no previous fertilizer or lack of fertilizer, can be 667m2 DAP 15kg recovery, after each birth stage, to the water leveling to maintain the wet state of the field, and pay attention to the hoe loose soil, remove the weeds. From late March to early April, spray 80% dichlorvos or 40% dimethoate emulsion every 7 to 10 days and spray twice to control onion flies and aphids. In the middle of April, 50% Suo Keling wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid spray was used to control Botrytis cinerea; 40% Carbendazim 500 times solution or 60% EB-Aluminum 600 times liquid spray was used to control leaf blight. It is controlled once every 7 to 10 days, and it is generally controlled 2 to 3 times.
4. After the management of garlic in the expansion period of garlic, the growth of roots, stems, and leaves tends to decline, and garlic grows into the prosperous period. Raise it with water once, and water it 2 or 3 times before harvesting to keep the ground moist to meet the needs of the later stages of garlic for water, and spray a disease-prevention medicine (such as fast-king) to consolidate it. Disease prevention effect ensures the harvest of garlic.
Fourth, timely harvest garlic sorghum harvesting standards are three, one garlic smash hook is a large scale hook shape, squatting up and down should be 4 ~ 5cm long horizontal state (called dumping smashing); Second, sorghum obvious expansion, the color from green to yellow , And then turned white (called white è‹ž ; ;); Third, garlic sprouts near the leaf sheath 4 ~ 6cm become yellow (called rejection yellow). When harvesting, it should be generally selected in the sunny noon and noon. It is better to protect the garlic leaf when lifting the corn, especially protect the flag leaf, prevent the leaves from being lifted or broken, and affect the growth of the garlic.
Most of the garlic plant's base leaves are dry, the upper leaves begin to fade, and then gradually dry from the tips of the leaves to the leaves, the plants are in a soft state, such as the garlic stalk in a certain part of the force to the side compressed to the ground, the performance is not brittle, but also tough It indicates that the garlic has matured, and should be gently and gently when harvesting, without touching or touching, so as not to injure the garlic head and reduce the commodity value and storage.
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