Lily as an important valuable fresh cut flower here focuses on its cultivation techniques and breeding methods:
1, cultivation techniques:
(1) Selection of planting sites: The planting site should be selected from high-slope, well-drained, loose soil, rich in humus, and deep and loose soil. Most species prefer slightly acidic soils. Avoid continuous works.
(2) Soil treatment: Since cultivation of lily flowers does not cover a large area of ​​field crops, the soil environment can be improved by local soil replacement. First, dig up the original soil on the line for planting lilies and mix them with the soil with humus, peat, fermented sawdust, vermiculite, perlite, etc., in a certain proportion and fill in the row of planted lilies. Or plant lily in the ratio of 1/3 to 1/2 of the above material and general soil, which is also an ideal soil medium. It can also be single brick high 30 cm. Conditions can be built to plant beds, that is, cement boards, bricks and other building materials above the ground 50-80 cm, built slotted plant beds, built-in artificially formulated nutrient matrix, which is conducive to drainage, ventilation and ventilation, easy to soil disinfection, It also cuts the connection to the ground soil and reduces the chance of subterranean infections. However, the cost of such facilities is high, and growers should do what they can. After the matrix is ​​placed in the planting bed, the pH is between 5.5 and 6.5, such as sulfur powder or lime, or the pH is set according to different lily requirements for the soil. The soil depth is preferably 40 cm. Lily is sensitive to salt and high salinity can hinder growth. The total salt content cannot be too high. If too much salt organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer is applied, it is easy to exceed the limit. Therefore, at least 6 weeks prior to planting, soil analysis should be performed and the salt content should be washed too high. The soil should be free from pests and diseases, and it can be sterilized with steam or bactericide and insecticides such as Dexone and Phoxim.
(3) Planting: 3 days before planting, the soil should be fully watered, so as to prevent the lily from depressing. If the soil temperature is higher, it is better to use cold water. Planting time is planted in spring or autumn. Fear of hot lily should be considered to avoid the summer heat, afraid of cold lily can not winter in the cold exposed ground, should build a plastic greenhouse or greenhouse for protection cultivation. When planting, a small ditch with a depth of 15 cm is placed in the bed, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bed. After digging or planting holes, the plant will be planted at the line spacing. The bulb is soaked with a 500-800-fold solution of bactericide such as carbendazim for half an hour and then air-dried. The spacing varies depending on the variety and bulb size, generally 15 cm 15 cm or 15 cm 20 cm, and the depth is based on the ditch bottom. After planting, the cover soil is 8-10 cm, and the water is finally poured. After the water falls, cover the soil surface with pine needles, rice straw, cedar leaf, or peat, etc., so as to keep warm and moist, and then remove the cover after the buds are out. In foreign countries, in order to save labor, commonly used seeder sowing.
(4) Fertilization: Lily is not fertilized after 3-4 weeks of planting. Bulbs should be topdressed immediately after germination, and 1,000 grams of calcium nitrate per 10 square meters of soil. If there is slight yellowing in the late planting period, it is due to nitrogen deficiency. 1000 grams of urea or ammonium nitrate can be applied per 100 square meters. Lilies need multiple nutrients, and fertilizers mostly contain only one fertilizer element. In order to meet the growing needs of lilies, it is often necessary to use several chemical fertilizers in combination. A compound fertilizer with N:P:K ratio of 5:10:5 can be used, and 30 g/m2 can be applied. During the growth period, 15 g of ammonium sulfate is applied per square meter, 45 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium sulfate, and can be applied to water. Or use 3000g of potassium nitrate+1000g of potassium sulfate+5000g of superphosphate to dissolve and dilute 1000 times, add 30g of ferric citrate+10g of boric acid+sulfate+5g+0.5g of copper sulfate+0.5g of zinc sulfate+molybdenum Ammonium 0.5 g dissolves and dilutes 1000 times as a good effect for lily. If necessary, foliar spray can also be used.
(5) Watering: Watering is very important for lily cultivation. Water should be planted before planting, and it should be determined after sufficient stages. Lilium is a shallow-rooted plant with a large dependence on water. It is better to have a drip irrigation control system. The flood irrigation method makes the topsoil harden, making the plants hypoxic and yellow.
(6) Ventilation: Ventilation is important for regulating the temperature and humidity in the shed. In Yunnan, the temperature of the heating committee's shed can reach 45°C, which is unfavorable for lily growth and must be ventilated. Fans can be used to air convection and the way to open the plastic shed membrane. Generally, the sheds with open windows on the roof can have good cooling effect. However, when the temperature is lowered, the air humidity must not fall too fast, otherwise it is easy to burn the leaves. Such as the use of computer-controlled lily cultivation of the best in the greenhouse.
(7) Shade: During the 3 to 10 months of strong sunlight, light energy is converted into heat energy to increase the temperature, or direct light is adverse to lily growth, resulting in a decline in the quality of cut flowers. 50% of the shade nets can be used to reduce the light. However, in the autumn and winter, the shade net should be removed to prevent the flowers from falling due to insufficient light.
(8) Warming: Lily should be cultivated in winter cold regions so that cold-tolerant lilies do not suffer cold damage during the cold season. The use of electrothermal heating is both effective and hygienic, but the cost is high. The cultivation of solar greenhouses in the north can also produce good results.
(9) Setting up pillars: Some lilies are poorly erected and pillars can be set up to prevent stems from bending and degrade quality. Supporting bamboo and wood can also be used to add nylon mesh. When using the net should be tightened,
(10) Major pests and diseases: Virus disease, leaf blight, gray mold, root rot, anthracnose, stalk rot, disease, cotton aphid, and root locust should be strengthened.
2. Breeding methods: First, seed propagation, which is generally used in cross breeding; Second, breeding by the ball, carefully picking up the small ball on the stem section of the ground or near the ground of the lily, and planting alone can become a new plant; Dental reproduction, some varieties of leafhoppers can be self-generated pearl teeth, to be mature, can be collected for breeding purposes; the fourth is the stem segment and leaf cutting propagation; the fifth is the scales cutting propagation, spring and autumn with robust and disease-free scales, the 1: 500-800 times carbendazim soaked for 20-30 minutes, dried and treated with rooting Liu, inserted in coarse sand, perlite or granular peat, at the age of 15-201 °C, the moon will produce rooted balls at the wound. The cultivation under the armpit can be used as an independent plant; the sixth is the natural division and propagation of the bulb; the seventh is the propagation of the bulb center; the eighth is the tissue culture. The quality of bulbs used as a seed is very important and generally produced by specialized companies.
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