The scientific name *Cletus punctiger* (Dallas) belongs to the order Hemiptera and is commonly found in the Polygonaceae family. This species is distributed across several provinces in China, including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Tibet.
It primarily infests a variety of crops such as rice, wheat, alfalfa, beans, corn, apple, mulberry, and other grassy plants. These pests are known for gathering in the ears of rice and wheat, where they feed on the sap, causing damage to the grains.
Morphologically, adult individuals measure between 9.5 to 11 mm in length and 2.8 to 3.5 mm in width. Their bodies are yellow-brown with distinct engraved dots. A short longitudinal groove is present on the center of the head, and small black spots are found on the head and the front edge of the prothoracic plate. The antennae are thicker and longer than the third segment, with the fourth segment being spindle-shaped. The compound eyes are reddish-brown, while the ocelli are red. The prothoracic plate is mostly monochromatic, with a slender side angle that slightly curls upward and ends in a black tip.
Eggs are approximately 1.5 mm long, resembling apricot kernels. They have a smooth surface with a fine hexagonal reticulation and a circular depression at the base. Nymphs go through five instars. The third and fourth instars are oval in shape, while the fifth is more elongated and fusiform. The fifth instar measures 8–9.1 mm in length and 3.1–3.4 mm in width. They are yellow-brown with red hairs on the abdomen, a prominent thoracodorsal plate, and wing buds extending to the front edge of the fourth abdominal segment.
In terms of life habits, *Cletus punctiger* has two generations in Hubei and three in Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Adults overwinter in weed patches near the root zone. In Jiangxi, adults emerge in late March, with egg-laying occurring from mid-April to late June. The first generation of nymphs hatches from early May to late June, emerges from early June to late July, and lays eggs in late June. The second generation of nymphs appears in late June to early July, emerges in early August, and lays eggs in mid-August. The third generation hatches in late August and emerges by late September to early December. By mid-November to mid-December, they begin to prepare for winter. In southern regions like Guangdong, Yunnan, and parts of Guangxi, no overwintering occurs. After eclosion, adults mate within 7 days and lay eggs 4–5 days later, typically on stems, leaves, or ears of the host plant. Eggs are scattered on leaf surfaces or arranged in columns of 2–7 grains. Early or late-maturing rice fields, especially those near ponds, hills, or areas with grasses and legumes, are more susceptible to infestation.
For prevention, it is recommended to combine autumn field cleanup with thorough removal and treatment of weeds. Chemical control options include spraying 50% malathion EC diluted at 1000 times, or 2.5% kfenofibrate EC diluted at 2000–5000 times. During the nymph stage, 2.5% EC can be applied at 2000 times dilution. Additionally, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder can be used at 1500 times dilution, with 50 liters of solution per 667 square meters. Two applications are typically sufficient for effective control.
What is Nutrient supplements?
Nutritional supplements are preparations used to supplement nutrients that may be lacking in the body's daily diet. These formulations may be single or a combination of multiple nutrients, including but not limited to the following ingredients:
- Protein (e.g. protein powder)
- Fish oil (contains omega-3 fatty acids such as DHA)
- Various vitamins (such as vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc.)
- Minerals (e.g. calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, etc.)
- Dietary fiber
- Other specific nutrients, such as Amino Acids, enzymes, probiotics, plant extracts, etc
The purpose of nutritional supplements is to meet the nutritional deficiencies that individuals may have due to special needs, dietary habits, digestive and absorption problems, health conditions (such as disease, pregnancy, aging, etc.) or other reasons. They are usually available in the form of tablets, capsules, oral liquids, powders, etc.
When choosing a nutritional supplement, one should consider an individual's physical condition, diet, and possible side effects. Although nutritional supplements can provide additional nutrients, it does not mean that they are a substitute for a balanced diet. The best strategy is usually to get most of your nutrients through a varied diet and use nutritional supplements when necessary under the guidance of a medical or professional. In addition, excessive consumption of certain nutritional supplements may also pose health risks, so it is recommended to consult a professional before use.
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