In recent years, the national agricultural department has attached great importance to the research and promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology. At present, what are the key technologies for fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement promoted by the state? What technical models can be applied in different regions? The target yield of spring maize in Northeast China is 800-900 kg/mu, and the recommended fertilizer amount for NPK is 12-14 kg and 4 kg respectively. And 5 kg (abbreviated as 12 to 14-4-5, the same);
Balanced fertilization
The target yield of winter wheat in North China is 500-600 kg/mu, the recommended fertilizer amount is 14-15-8-6; the target yield of summer maize in North China is 600-700 kg/mu, the recommended fertilizer amount is 16-18-5-6; the target of winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River The yield is 300-500 kg/mu, the recommended fertilizer amount is 10~12-5-6.5; the target yield of single-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is 600-800 kg/mu, and the recommended fertilizer amount is 11-14-4-5-6-8.
Organic fertilizer replacement technology
It is suggested that northeast spring corn adopts organic fertilizer nitrogen 30%, chemical fertilizer nitrogen 70%, commercial organic fertilizer 100-150 kg/mu, or livestock manure 1000-1500 kg/mu; North China winter wheat organic fertilizer nitrogen 30%, fertilizer nitrogen 70%, Commercial organic fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg / mu, or livestock and poultry manure 1500 ~ 2000 kg / acre;
North China summer corn organic fertilizer nitrogen 30%, fertilizer nitrogen 70%, commercial organic fertilizer 150 ~ 200 kg / acre, or livestock manure fertilizer 1500 ~ 2000 kg / acre; winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River 30% organic fertilizer nitrogen, fertilizer nitrogen 70%, Commercial organic fertilizer is 100-150 kg/mu, or livestock manure is 1000-1500 kg/mu.
Straw returning technology
Northeast corn stalks are smashed and returned to the field, buried 20~30 cm, nitrogen fertilizer base ratio is 2:1; North China corn stalks are crushed to the field, buried 10-20 cm, nitrogen fertilizer base chasing ratio 7:3; North China wheat straw crushing , buried 10 to 20 cm, nitrogen fertilizer base ratio of 7:3;
Rice straw rotation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is smashed into rice, burying 10~20 cm, nitrogen fertilizer base ratio is 7:3; wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field, buried 10-20 cm, nitrogen fertilizer base ratio 6:4; Yangtze River The downstream double-season rice straw is smashed and returned to the field, buried 20 to 30 cm, and the nitrogen fertilizer base is 4:6.
New fertilizer technology
It is suggested that the northeast spring maize adopts 30% of slow release fertilizer and 70% of urea. The winter wheat in North China adopts 40% of slow release fertilizer and 60% of urea. The summer maize in North China adopts 40% of controlled release fertilizer and 60% of urea. Primary basis
Winter wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River uses 40% of slow-release fertilizer and 60% of urea. The single-season rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River uses 40% of slow-release fertilizer and 60% of urea. In addition to slow-release fertilizers, high-efficiency new fertilizers such as water-soluble fertilizers, liquid fertilizers, foliar fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil conditioners are used according to local conditions.
Different technologies in different regions
The principle of fertilization in Northeast China is to control nitrogen, reduce phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and supplement trace elements such as zinc, boron, iron and molybdenum. The main measures are to combine deep pine preparation and conservation tillage, increase the intensity of straw returning, and increase the application of organic fertilizer; implement suitable rotation of soybean and corn in suitable areas, and promote rhizobium in soybeans, peanuts and other crops; Integrated technology for fertilizer and water and fertilizer.
The principle of fertilization in North China is to reduce nitrogen, control phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and supplement trace elements such as sulfur, zinc, iron, manganese and boron. The main measures are periodic deep ploughing of deep pine and protective tillage, implementation of wheat and corn stalk returning to the field, promotion of formula fertilizer, application of organic fertilizer, promotion of corn seed fertilizer and sowing, cotton mechanical topdressing, focusing on wheat water and fertilizer coupling, and promotion of nitrogen fertilizer rearward movement. technology;
Vegetables and fruit trees pay attention to the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, effectively control the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers; improve the salinized soil by using straw and conditioners in facilities and agriculture, and promote the integration of water and fertilizer; use lime and other conditioning agents to improve acidified soil and develop orchard green manure.
The principle of fertilization in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is to reduce nitrogen, control phosphorus, stabilize potassium, and apply medium and trace element fertilizers such as sulfur, zinc and boron. The main measures are to promote straw returning technology, promote formula fertilizer, increase organic fertilizer, restore the development of winter green rice fertilizer, promote green tea in fruit tea garden, use alkaline conditioners such as calcium magnesium phosphate, lime and silicon calcium to improve acidified soil, and efficient economic gardening. Crops promote water and fertilizer integration technology.
This article URL: How to reduce the efficiency of fertilizers, how to reduce fertilizers and increase efficiency from the four key technologies
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