(1) Sedimentary sesame seeds are small, roots are weak, seedlings grow slowly, and fine soil preparation is one of the important measures for sowing whole seedlings and strong seedlings. Sesame is not afraid of waterlogging, in low-lying and rainy areas, should be based on arable land preparation, do a ditch, do a good job of flood prevention work. In spring in Tianjin, there are few rain and snow, and spring sesame seeds should be sown in winter. After harvesting the former crop in summer, the crop should be ploughed and hoeed in a timely manner. Fine soil preparation will result in loose and loose soil, smooth surface and good taste, so as to sow the whole seedlings.
(2) Fertilizer sesame is a crop that requires more fertilizer. For every 100 kg of seeds produced, 9 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphoric acid, and 9 kg of potassium oxide are required. Applying basic fertilizers, applying good fertilizers, applying top dressings in stages, and increasing potassium fertilizers at an appropriate time are effective measures for increasing yield of sesame.
Basal fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers. The distribution of sesame root layer is shallow, and shallow basal fertilizer has a good yield increase effect. According to the test, 1500 kg per acre was applied, and the application of 15-18 cm was 11.7% higher than the depth of 24 cm.
Fertilizer use is small and the effect is high, which can meet the needs of nutrient at seedling stage. Fertilizer can be mixed with seeds, but also in the sowing ditch or hole, and then sowing. Sowing amount should not be too much. In general, 5-8 kg of mushi cake is applied, or 3-4 kg of sulphuric acid or 300-400 kg of earth fertilizer is applied.
Sesame should be top-dressed at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage to increase yield. Fertilizing before flowering can fully meet the nutrient needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during flowering can increase glutinous rice, increase grain weight, and increase oil content. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% solution is usually sprayed on sunny afternoons. Spray once every 5-6 days, even spray 2-3 times, each fertilizer 50-60 kg. Rain should be sprayed after spraying.
(3) sowing and sowing is an important part of sesame production. "The sesame seeds are delicate and do not close at all." Only seeding, planting, and seeding can achieve stable production and high yields.
"Starting summer sesame seeds, small full valley." Spring sowing sesame seeds should be sown in early May.
The sesame seeding methods include drilling, broadcasting, and on-demand broadcasting. The seeds were evenly seeded, consistent in depth and depth, and neat and emerged to facilitate uniform seedling planting and field management. However, it was necessary to prevent excessive sowing and crowded emergence. About 0.5 kg per acre is appropriate. The sesame seeds should be sowed in a shallow manner. The seeding depth should be about 3 cm. When the lye is lacking, the shallow cover soil can be deepened or deepened appropriately. After sowing, timely repression is needed to make the seed and the soil closely connected, which is beneficial to seed germination and seedling emergence.
(4) Proper close planting of sesame seeds for proper close planting increases the number of ridges per unit area, expands the leaf area, makes full use of light energy and fertility, coordinates the contradiction between individual and population growth, and produces more organic matter, which is to increase production and An effective measure of oil content. Determine the density should be based on species characteristics, cultivation conditions, cultivation methods and other comprehensive consideration. Generally single-rod type, plant tall, fertilizer-resistant water, mature later, the branch should be more dense; resistant to thin and adaptable varieties, short plants, early maturation should be more dense; spring sowing should be better than summer sowing sesame some. The reasonable density of sesame planting is 6000-7000 strains per mu and 8000-10000 strains of single stalk type.
(5) Field management Sesame seed is small, and the number of emergence is more than ten times more than that of seedlings. Due to the slow growth of seedlings, seedlings are susceptible to seedlings shortage and grassland. Therefore, strengthening seedling management to ensure that the whole seedlings and strong seedlings are the key to increase production. After raining, soil compaction must be promptly broken to facilitate emergence. Immediately after emergence, weeds, grasses, and seedlings were prevented and no shortage of seedlings was prevented. When the seedling grows 2 true leaves, the young seedlings are planted, and when 4 true leaves appear, they can be seeded. When the pests and diseases are serious, the seedlings can be postponed as appropriate. When the seedlings are set, the seedlings are left as planned, and the weak seedlings, strong seedlings, and even seedlings are left. Before sesame blossoms, cultivators should generally be cultivated three or four times. When the first seedling grows on the first leaf, the first cultivator is used for the true leaf. The cultivator should be shallow and should not be deep, and the herbicide should be used to protect the roots from deep rooting. The second cultivator is carried out when sesame grows 2-3 pairs of true leaves, with a depth of 5-6 cm. The third cultivator should be carried out in five pairs of true leaves, and the depth can be increased to 8 to 10 cm. When the sesame seeds begin to bloom, the fourth cultivator is combined with the soil to help preserve, prevent fall, and prevent flooding. Although sesame has a certain ability to resist drought, in the seedling stage and flowering stage, if the soil is arid, it should be watered. After sesame flowering, it is most afraid of water stains. If there is too much water in the soil, it will cause a large number of buds to fall off. In severe cases, rot roots will die. Therefore, before the onset of the rainy season, field drainage work should be done to ensure that the rain stops dry and free from damage. The sesame flowering period is long, the lower germination fruit is nearly mature, the upper part is still flowering in succession, and maturation is very inconsistent. In order to make the sesame mature more consistent, so that nutrients concentrated supply of the end of the capsule, to achieve full grain, early yield increase, should take timely and top-notch measures. At the time of picking the heart, the single stalk type should be carried out before the growth is stopped and the tip of the stem is just at the tip. Earlier, affecting the number of blossoms and knots, playing late, not topping heart. Branched varieties can be divided into two toppings. For the first time, the top of the main stem will be properly attacked and the branch will grow. Before the second branch growth stopped, the tip of the branch was removed when the tip was pointed. Picking up the heart should be carried out on a sunny day, picking a small top, with a suitable size of about 3 cm. In addition, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of underground pests during the seedling stage, and the control of aphids and sesame moths and other pests during the mid-fertility period.
(6) Sesame seedlings and harvesting 1 Remaining seeds Sesame seedlings are mainly carried out in the field. The selection criteria are robust and disease-free plants, consistent characters, mature and neat, low scab location, closely growing pods, strong disease resistance and other high-yielding traits. After the selection of the plants, single cuts, singles, and removal of the upper and lower capsules were performed. Branched varieties retain the pods on the main stem, and then single-sun, singles, with the first sub-grain seeds for seed use.
2 harvest sesame husk ripe is very inconsistent, immature pods in the plant can be a good post-maturation. If the whole plant matures before it is harvested, the lower pods will begin to crack and the seeds will be lost. The high yield cannot be harvested. In general, the basal leaves of sesame are yellow and shed, and the upper pods turn yellow, and the seeds in the middle and lower pods show the intrinsic color of the cultivar, which is an appropriate harvesting period. Premature harvest not only has low yield but also low oil content. Sesame is about the beginning of September and summer sesame is about the middle of September. Harvest in time to grab time. Strive to complete in a short time and harvest it in the morning.
(2) Fertilizer sesame is a crop that requires more fertilizer. For every 100 kg of seeds produced, 9 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphoric acid, and 9 kg of potassium oxide are required. Applying basic fertilizers, applying good fertilizers, applying top dressings in stages, and increasing potassium fertilizers at an appropriate time are effective measures for increasing yield of sesame.
Basal fertilizers should be dominated by organic fertilizers. The distribution of sesame root layer is shallow, and shallow basal fertilizer has a good yield increase effect. According to the test, 1500 kg per acre was applied, and the application of 15-18 cm was 11.7% higher than the depth of 24 cm.
Fertilizer use is small and the effect is high, which can meet the needs of nutrient at seedling stage. Fertilizer can be mixed with seeds, but also in the sowing ditch or hole, and then sowing. Sowing amount should not be too much. In general, 5-8 kg of mushi cake is applied, or 3-4 kg of sulphuric acid or 300-400 kg of earth fertilizer is applied.
Sesame should be top-dressed at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage to increase yield. Fertilizing before flowering can fully meet the nutrient needs of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during flowering can increase glutinous rice, increase grain weight, and increase oil content. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% solution is usually sprayed on sunny afternoons. Spray once every 5-6 days, even spray 2-3 times, each fertilizer 50-60 kg. Rain should be sprayed after spraying.
(3) sowing and sowing is an important part of sesame production. "The sesame seeds are delicate and do not close at all." Only seeding, planting, and seeding can achieve stable production and high yields.
"Starting summer sesame seeds, small full valley." Spring sowing sesame seeds should be sown in early May.
The sesame seeding methods include drilling, broadcasting, and on-demand broadcasting. The seeds were evenly seeded, consistent in depth and depth, and neat and emerged to facilitate uniform seedling planting and field management. However, it was necessary to prevent excessive sowing and crowded emergence. About 0.5 kg per acre is appropriate. The sesame seeds should be sowed in a shallow manner. The seeding depth should be about 3 cm. When the lye is lacking, the shallow cover soil can be deepened or deepened appropriately. After sowing, timely repression is needed to make the seed and the soil closely connected, which is beneficial to seed germination and seedling emergence.
(4) Proper close planting of sesame seeds for proper close planting increases the number of ridges per unit area, expands the leaf area, makes full use of light energy and fertility, coordinates the contradiction between individual and population growth, and produces more organic matter, which is to increase production and An effective measure of oil content. Determine the density should be based on species characteristics, cultivation conditions, cultivation methods and other comprehensive consideration. Generally single-rod type, plant tall, fertilizer-resistant water, mature later, the branch should be more dense; resistant to thin and adaptable varieties, short plants, early maturation should be more dense; spring sowing should be better than summer sowing sesame some. The reasonable density of sesame planting is 6000-7000 strains per mu and 8000-10000 strains of single stalk type.
(5) Field management Sesame seed is small, and the number of emergence is more than ten times more than that of seedlings. Due to the slow growth of seedlings, seedlings are susceptible to seedlings shortage and grassland. Therefore, strengthening seedling management to ensure that the whole seedlings and strong seedlings are the key to increase production. After raining, soil compaction must be promptly broken to facilitate emergence. Immediately after emergence, weeds, grasses, and seedlings were prevented and no shortage of seedlings was prevented. When the seedling grows 2 true leaves, the young seedlings are planted, and when 4 true leaves appear, they can be seeded. When the pests and diseases are serious, the seedlings can be postponed as appropriate. When the seedlings are set, the seedlings are left as planned, and the weak seedlings, strong seedlings, and even seedlings are left. Before sesame blossoms, cultivators should generally be cultivated three or four times. When the first seedling grows on the first leaf, the first cultivator is used for the true leaf. The cultivator should be shallow and should not be deep, and the herbicide should be used to protect the roots from deep rooting. The second cultivator is carried out when sesame grows 2-3 pairs of true leaves, with a depth of 5-6 cm. The third cultivator should be carried out in five pairs of true leaves, and the depth can be increased to 8 to 10 cm. When the sesame seeds begin to bloom, the fourth cultivator is combined with the soil to help preserve, prevent fall, and prevent flooding. Although sesame has a certain ability to resist drought, in the seedling stage and flowering stage, if the soil is arid, it should be watered. After sesame flowering, it is most afraid of water stains. If there is too much water in the soil, it will cause a large number of buds to fall off. In severe cases, rot roots will die. Therefore, before the onset of the rainy season, field drainage work should be done to ensure that the rain stops dry and free from damage. The sesame flowering period is long, the lower germination fruit is nearly mature, the upper part is still flowering in succession, and maturation is very inconsistent. In order to make the sesame mature more consistent, so that nutrients concentrated supply of the end of the capsule, to achieve full grain, early yield increase, should take timely and top-notch measures. At the time of picking the heart, the single stalk type should be carried out before the growth is stopped and the tip of the stem is just at the tip. Earlier, affecting the number of blossoms and knots, playing late, not topping heart. Branched varieties can be divided into two toppings. For the first time, the top of the main stem will be properly attacked and the branch will grow. Before the second branch growth stopped, the tip of the branch was removed when the tip was pointed. Picking up the heart should be carried out on a sunny day, picking a small top, with a suitable size of about 3 cm. In addition, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of underground pests during the seedling stage, and the control of aphids and sesame moths and other pests during the mid-fertility period.
(6) Sesame seedlings and harvesting 1 Remaining seeds Sesame seedlings are mainly carried out in the field. The selection criteria are robust and disease-free plants, consistent characters, mature and neat, low scab location, closely growing pods, strong disease resistance and other high-yielding traits. After the selection of the plants, single cuts, singles, and removal of the upper and lower capsules were performed. Branched varieties retain the pods on the main stem, and then single-sun, singles, with the first sub-grain seeds for seed use.
2 harvest sesame husk ripe is very inconsistent, immature pods in the plant can be a good post-maturation. If the whole plant matures before it is harvested, the lower pods will begin to crack and the seeds will be lost. The high yield cannot be harvested. In general, the basal leaves of sesame are yellow and shed, and the upper pods turn yellow, and the seeds in the middle and lower pods show the intrinsic color of the cultivar, which is an appropriate harvesting period. Premature harvest not only has low yield but also low oil content. Sesame is about the beginning of September and summer sesame is about the middle of September. Harvest in time to grab time. Strive to complete in a short time and harvest it in the morning.