The base of the stipe of the fruiting mushroom body is often easily brown, resulting in deterioration of the quality of the mushroom and affecting the quality of the product. For this purpose, the cultivation technology of golden needle mushroom was studied. The golden needle mushroom produced was white and tender, the mushroom shape was neat, the diameter of the mushroom cover was 0.5-1.5cm, hemispherical, unopened or half-open, the stem length of the mushroom was 12-14cm, and the handle was thick. 0.2 to 0.4 cm, with a clean white stem and a small dark brown part, has reached the commodity standard of the mushroom, and now its cultivation techniques are described below.
1. Formulation of culture materials The main formula: 1 cottonseed husk 89%, rice bran or bran 10%, gypsum 1%; 2 sawdust 80%, rice bran or bran 20%; 3 corncob 73%, drum skin 25%, Gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%. The above-mentioned culture material is fully mixed with water, and then the ph value is adjusted to about 6, and it is preferable that the moisture content of the hand-kneaded material is dripping out of water droplets but not forming a water flow. After the cultivation materials are mixed, use a plastic bag with specifications (length x width) of 17cm x 28cm and thickness of 0.6mm.
Sawdust is best done with broad-leaved wood chips. Pine cedar chips are not suitable for cultivation. Wood chips mainly play a role in moisturizing and aeration, coarse wood chips are more, the medium is easy to dry, wood chips are too fine, and the permeability is poor. Rice bran and bran contain all the nutrients needed for growth and development of Flammulina velutipes, but the addition of rice bran or bran slows down the fungus, which makes it easy to produce water mushroom, which has low yield and poor quality. When the culture medium is bagged, an equal amount of the culture medium is to be loaded, so that the fungus is uniform, and the mushroom is used at the same time. It is convenient to inoculate under aseptic conditions, and the strains are connected to the two ends of the bag. This should be carried out in a sterile or near-sterile room. Strains should be cultured with suitable viability, robustness, and no bacterial contamination.
2. Inoculation period management After inoculation, the cultivation bag is put into a clean culture room for bacteria culture, and the indoor temperature is maintained at 22-25°C. Under normal circumstances, the mycelium can extend into the medium 20-25mm in 10-15 days after inoculation. If the fungus develops smoothly, hyphae can cover the entire material surface 20-25 days after inoculation. At this stage, it is required to pick out the bacteria, and the bacteria bags that are not full of bacteria are lined together to continue germination.
3, after the end of the mushroom and the bacterium, the bacteria should be immediately carried out, and the next species of bacteria should be excavated, so that the fruit body can occur from the surface of the culture medium. If the surface of the culture medium is very dry, scraping can be used. The old bacterial strains were scraped off together with 5-10 mm medium. Mycelium can be formed by the mechanical stimulation of the fungus and low temperature stimulation to form the primordium. To maintain the air humidity of 90%-95% and strengthen the ventilation, it can inhibit the formation of aerial hyphae formed on the surface of the fungus bag, which is beneficial to the emergence of the bud. mushroom. This period should maintain the relative humidity of about 95% is appropriate, the temperature is controlled at 10-15 °C as well, covered with newspapers or cover film moisturizing, to induce mushrooms, after a week, gradually grow sharp buds, buds head white It is normal.
4. Equal breeding and suppression of both males and females is the use of low-temperature suppression technology, so that the original weak resistance will not die, increase resistance, can be evenly developed. The average breeding requires a temperature of about 8°C and an air humidity of 85%-90%, generally 2-3 days. Inhibition is to control the growth of the first elongating mushroom, to promote the elongation of the long-lasting mushroom, so that all the stipe length neatly consistent, inhibit the beginning of the stipe length 1mm, the diameter of the cap is suitable for 1.5mm, inhibition temperature Keep at 3-5°C and humidity 85%-90%. The co2 concentration is below 0.1% and the inhibition period is about 7 days. Can also be used to reduce temperature, humidity, ventilation measures, delay the formation of fruiting bodies, to synchronize them in order to facilitate the neat mushroom, a group of mushrooms.
5, the management of the fertility stage When the stipe length 0.5-1.0cm, increased light, increase production and improve quality. Since the mushroom body has a strong phototropic property, from the time when the mushroom body is 2-3cm in length, the paper tube is set to be harvested. With a certain amount of light, the stipe light can be induced to elongate. Therefore, every 3-5m above the bed frame is required. Hang a 15w bulb to produce vertical light to promote stipe elongation. At this stage, the temperature is 8-15°C, the air relative humidity is 85%-90%, and the co2 content in the mushroom house is kept at 0.10%-0.15%, which can achieve the purpose of inhibiting the opening of the mushroom cover and promoting the elongation of the stipe. About 15 days, the diameter of the cap can reach 1-2cm, and the length of the stalk can reach 8-15cm, so it can be harvested.
6, suitable for harvest when the stipe length 13-14cm, neat, cap about 1cm in diameter, the edge of the volume, no distortion, stipe cap is not absorbent, stipe roots clear, round and thick, all Pure white, mushroom body, water content is not much time for the harvest period. The moisture content of the cap should be checked several days before harvesting. If there is a lot of moisture, it should be ventilated to promote evaporation of water two days before harvest. After harvesting, some of the culture medium and the poorly grown mushrooms connected to the base of the stipe and the culture medium were removed, and small packaging was performed according to market requirements, or the bag was sealed with a polyethylene film bag and cryopreserved. After the second tidal mushroom, in order to increase the yield and quality, the mushroom column can be taken out of the head and bagged, or the mouth of the original mushroom bag can be closed, and the other mushroom can be opened. (This article is provided by the Institute of Marine Edible Fungi, Jiangxi Province, North Korea; 0315---4103012)