Eggplant is a common vegetable on the table in our daily life, but in many cases our eggplant growers are not very professional in the management of the plant, which leads to the low yield of eggplant in the late stage. Today we will learn how to manage effectively. Let's go.
First, growth habits
1, temperature
Eggplants are high temperature, the seed germination temperature is between 25 degrees Celsius and 30 degrees Celsius, the seedling period is moderately developed during the daytime is 25 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius, and at night 15 degrees Celsius to -20 degrees Celsius, below 15 degrees Celsius, the growth is slow and causes falling flowers. Metabolic disorders below 10 degrees Celsius.
2, lighting
Eggplants have higher requirements for light intensity. Under the conditions of long sunshine and high intensity, eggplant has strong growth, good flower bud quality, high fruit yield and good coloration.
3, moisture
Before the formation of eggplant, the amount of water needed is small. After the eggplant grows rapidly, it needs more water. Before the harvest of the eggplant, the water needs to be the largest, and the water needs should be fully satisfied. Eggplant is also fascinated by water, and when the soil is humid and poorly ventilated, it is easy to cause roots, and the humidity of the air is prone to disease.
4. Soil
It is suitable for cultivation in soil rich in organic matter, water retention and fertility. Eggplant has higher requirements for nitrogen fertilizer, delaying flower bud differentiation in the absence of nitrogen, and the number of flowers is significantly reduced, especially in the flowering stage. If the nitrogen is insufficient, the short-column flower becomes more and the plant development is not good. Under the condition of low nitrogen fertilizer level, the effect of phosphate fertilizer was not significant, and the absorption of potassium increased sharply in the later stage.
Second, the classification of varieties
Botany divides eggplant into three varieties:
1, round eggplant
The plant is tall, large in fruit, round, flat or elliptical, with purple, black, red, purple or greenish white. Not resistant to damp heat, more cultivated in northern China. Most of the varieties are medium and late, and the main varieties are Beijing Dahongpao, Hexagon, Jiuye, Shandong Dahongpao and Tianjin Ermin.
2, long eggplant
The plant grows moderately, and the fruit is slender and stick-shaped, up to 30 cm in length, and the skin is purple, green or light green. It is resistant to damp heat and is widely cultivated in southern China. Most of the varieties are medium and early maturing. There are varieties such as Nanjing Purple Line Eggplant, Beijing Line Eggplant, Guangdong Purple Eggplant and Chengdu Black Eggplant.
3, dwarf
The plants are short, the fruit is small, the eggs are long or oval. There are more seeds and poor quality. Most of them are early-maturing varieties, such as Jinan Yilang Monkey and Beijing Xiaoyuan.
Third, cultivation techniques
1. Base soil
The production field must be sandy loam or loam with high dryness, uniform soil, deep soil layer, ventilated and light, soil fertile and loose, convenient for irrigation and drainage, and stable production. The nursery soil should be used for 2-3 years without planting the seeds of the solanaceous fruits, melons, vegetables, and potatoes, tobacco, etc. It is best to take the soil from the plots of beans, onions and garlic crops, to the soil surface 15 The soil within the centimeter is the best. The fertilizer can be fermented and fermented with pig, cow and horse manure plus appropriate amount of grass ash to kill eggs and pathogenic microorganisms and reduce seedling diseases. Using hotbed seedlings, the suitable temperature during the seedling period is 25 degrees Celsius to 28 degrees Celsius during the day and 18 degrees Celsius to -20 degrees Celsius during the night. Appropriately sown at the time of sowing, the seeding rate per 1 square meter is 10-15 grams. 3-4 pieces of true leaf time seedlings, low temperature refining 1 week before planting.
2, timely seeding
The early spring planting period is in December, the second year is in late February, and the harvest is started at the end of April. Autumn planting will be planted in May, planted in June, harvested in August-September. The eggplant seeds weigh 4-5 grams per thousand, and use seedling transplanting generally 15-20 grams per mu.
3. Site preparation
The planting plot of eggplant should be fertile and convenient for irrigation and drainage. It used to be used as rice or rice fields that have not been planted in the first three years, deep-plowing and whitening, and clods. Combined with land preparation, 50-80 kg of lime powder is applied to disinfect the soil and adjust the pH.
Eggplant is highly resistant to fertilizer and requires a lot of fertilizer. Before transplanting, it is necessary to apply enough base fertilizer (2000 kg of farmland fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer) and plant it from sorghum. The height is about 30 cm, the width of the raft is 1.8 meters, and the planting is double-row, the plant spacing is 45-50 cm, and about 1400 plants are planted. Single row planting, 畦 wide baggage 1.3 meters, plant spacing 45 cm, about 1000 plants per mu. After planting, the plants are planted with water, and the seedlings are stopped after the survival of the seedlings to promote deep rooting.
4. Field management
(1) Fertilizer management
After about 15 days after the planting of the eggplant, the shallow cultivating and weeding were carried out, and the seedling fertilizer was added once with the small cultivating soil, and 10-20 ton of human excrement was applied to the acre. After the root cane of the plant is placed, the side branches below the root canard are removed to avoid excessive foliage and consume nutrients. During this period, the plants have not been sealed, and weeding and weeding and deep-cultivation, re-applying a top dressing, and applying 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu. Plant growth into the middle and late stages, each time the fruit should be applied once, the fertilizer should be applied 15-20 kg per mu. At the same time, it can spray foliar fertilizer such as gold potassium, love more or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The water requirement in the early stage of eggplant growth is not much. The appropriate drought is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and increase the fruit setting rate. After the root cane is stabilized, the water required for plant growth is gradually increased, and the soil should be kept moist and properly drained.
(2) Plant finishing
In order to reduce nutrient consumption, flowering in a short period of time, shortening the pollination time, and facilitating centralized pollination, it is necessary to remove the buds and all the side branches (middle and late-maturing varieties can leave one side branch) to keep the plants bifurcated. After the four-door bucket pollination, leave 3 leaves to top, insert brackets to prevent lodging, and reduce rotten fruit.
(1) Remove the side branches below the root locust to avoid excessive foliage and consume nutrients.
(2) Picking leaves: The leaves can be ventilated and light-transmitted, reducing the inefficient consumption of nutrients by the old leaves. After the plants are sealed, the diseased leaves, old leaves, yellow leaves and over-closed leaves are removed in time.
(3) Pruning: Eggplant is a double-branched branching crop. Generally, it is double-dried, that is, two branches are left on the eggplant, one eggplant is left for each branch, and two eggplants are left on each layer. The side branches that are emitted at each level leave 2-3 leaves to be topped when the eggplant grows to half the size.
(4) Fruit thinning: Pick up the dysplastic young fruit, malformed fruit and diseased fruit in time.
(3) Harvesting and seeding
50-60 days after flowering, when the peel turns yellow (some varieties do not change color or change color slowly, determined according to the number of pollination days), the harvest is started, and the seeds are placed in a cool place and cooked for 7-10 days. When harvesting hybrid fruit, check whether the pollination mark of the seed is obvious.
The standard for harvesting eggplant can be seen in the color of the eggplant. If the color of the eggplant and the skin are distinct, it indicates that the fruit is growing, the tissue is tender and the quality is good. Eggplant eyes are not obvious, indicating slow growth should be harvested in time. 18-20 days after flowering in warm weather is suitable for harvesting. The hot weather in June-August should be harvested in the morning or evening. The temperature of the fruit at noon is high and the breathing is strong, and it is easy to dry. The thin varieties and the eggplants that are supplied in the field or transported from a long distance should pay special attention.
Seeding of eggplant should be planted sparsely, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added, and nitrogen fertilizer should be applied less. In the field management, attention should be paid to the whole plant topping, the pillars are prevented from falling, and the long-shaped fruit can be erected with short bamboo rafts to prevent the fruits from coming into contact with the soil. Generally, each plant can leave 2-3 fruits. When the fruit is yellowish brown, it is taken indoors and cooked for 7-10 days. The seeds and pulp are separated, then cut into several pieces, and the seeds are smashed in water and washed. Dry the cloth to avoid exposure of the seeds in the hot sun.
1 small amount of seed
Use a stick to knock or hand-pick the fruit, let the seeds and pulp separate from each other, wash in the water, let the full seeds sink to the bottom, remove the seeds and impurities floating on the water, and then spread them on a mat or cloth. .
2 large-scale seed collection
Remove the five seeds from the ends of the fruit, break the seeds with a small pulverizer, then wash and dry. Can not be placed on the concrete floor, to avoid direct sunlight, often flipping.
When the seed moisture is not higher than 8%, preliminary cleaning is carried out to remove impurities and sorghum seeds, and packaged in a woven bag containing an inner film, and labels are attached inside and outside.
(4) Storage processing
Eggplant skin is too thin and meaty to store, generally fresh or processed, rarely stored. Chinese folk eggplant processing has three methods: pickled eggplant, sauce eggplant and dried eggplant.
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