With the gradual improvement of planting levels of farmers and the transformation of ideological consciousness, more and more vegetable farmers are no longer satisfied with the summary of planting experience, but increasingly pay attention to the study of the principle of vegetable production, such a change Will further improve the level of vegetable planting technology in China!
In this issue, the requirements of several cucumber growers in Wenjia Village, Shouguang City, Shouguang City, were published in the article “Requirements for Cucumbers on Environmental Conditions†to meet the growing cultural needs of vegetable farmers.
temperature
Cucumber is a typical thermophilic plant, and its optimum temperature for fertility is 10～32°C. High temperature during the day, about 25 ~ 32 °C, low temperature at night, about 15 ~ 18 °C. Photosynthesis suitable temperature is 25 ~ 32 °C.
The environment in which cucumbers are located varies in fertility and temperature. According to relevant information, the light intensity is in the range of 10,000 lux to 55,000 lux. For each additional 3000 lux, the temperature for fertility increase by 1°C. In addition, fertility and temperature increase under high air humidity and high carbon dioxide conditions. Therefore, different temperature management indicators should be used according to different environmental conditions in production. Weak light should use low temperature management. Increased carbon dioxide should use high temperature management. The accumulated temperature required from sowing to fruit ripening is 800-1000°C.
Under normal circumstances, when the temperature reaches above 32°C, the respiration rate of cucumber increases, while the net assimilation rate decreases; the assimilation yield and respiratory depletion at 35°C are in equilibrium; the respiration rate above 35°C is higher than that of the photosynthetic output; and the photosynthesis is above 40°C. Decline, metabolic function blocked; 45 °C under 3 hours lighter leaves, male flower buds or can not flower, pollen germination power is low, leading to abnormal fruit; 50 °C 1 hour of complete respiration stopped. Under greenhouse cultivation conditions, due to the large amount of organic fertilizer, high concentration of carbon dioxide, and high humidity, the heat-resistance of cucumber has been improved. The optimum temperature for cucumber production of nutrients is 25-32°C.
The minimum temperature for normal growth and development of cucumber is 10-12°C. Below 10°C, photosynthesis, respiration, movement of photosynthetic products, and physiological activities such as fertilization can all be affected or even stopped.
Cucumber plant tissue is tender, generally -2 ~ 0 °C for freezing temperature. However, the ability of cucumbers to adapt to low temperatures often differs greatly depending on the degree of warming and cooling. Plants that do not exercise at low temperatures will suffer cold damage at 5 to 10°C and freeze to death at 2 to 3°C; cucumber plants that have undergone low-temperature training will not only be able to tolerate temperatures as low as 3°C, but even encounter short-term low temperatures of 0°C. Do not freeze to death.
Cucumbers require stricter ground temperature. The lowest germination temperature of cucumber was 12.7°C, the optimum germination temperature was 28～32°C, and the germination rate was significantly lower than 35°C. The lowest cucumber root elongation temperature is 8 °C, the most suitable is 32 °C, the highest is 38 °C; the lowest temperature of cucumber root hair is 12 ~ 14 °C, the highest is 38 °C. During the growing period, the optimum temperature of cucumber is 20-25°C, and the minimum is 15°C.
During cucumber growth, it requires a certain temperature difference between day and night. Because cucumbers photosynthesis during the day, night breathing, high temperature during the day is conducive to photosynthesis, low temperature at night can reduce respiratory consumption, the appropriate temperature difference between day and night can make the maximum accumulation of nutrients cucumber. Generally during the day 25 ~ 30 °C, night 13 ~ 15 °C, day and night temperature difference of 10 ~ 15 °C is more appropriate. The transport of assimilates from cucumber plants was rapid at night temperatures of 16-20°C and stagnated below 15°C. However, in the temperature range of 10 to 20°C, the lower the temperature, the lower the respiratory consumption.
Therefore, it is unreasonable to keep the temperature and the night temperature fixed. In the implementation of variable temperature management in production, the pre-fertility and cloudy days, it is appropriate to grasp the lower limit of temperature management indicators, post-fertility and sunny, should grasp the upper limit management indicators. This will not only help to promote the photosynthesis of cucumber, inhibit respiratory consumption, but also extend the peak period of production and harvest time, so as to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency.
illumination
The requirement of the length of sunshine for cucumbers varies according to different ecological environments. In general, South China-type cultivars are more sensitive to short days, while North China cultivars have strict requirements on the length of sunshine. They have become neutral sunshine plants, but 8-11 hours of short days can promote the differentiation and formation of sexual organs.
The light saturation point of cucumber is 55,000 lux. The light compensation point is 1500 lux. Cucumbers belong to a vegetable species that is more resistant to low light in fruit and vegetables, so production in protected areas can be carried out in winter as long as the temperature conditions are met. However, the duration of sunshine in the winter is short and the light is weak. The cucumber grows slowly and the yield is low. Hot summer light is too strong, and it is also detrimental to fertility. Therefore, in the production of summer shade nets should be set, and winter and spring covered with no drip film and hanging reflective screen, are to adjust the light to meet the appropriate light conditions of cucumber, and promote the growth and development of cucumber.
There is a clear daily difference in the assimilation of cucumber. It is higher from morning to noon every day, accounting for 60-70% of the total assimilation of the whole day. It is lower in the afternoon and only accounts for 30-40% of the total assimilation of the whole day. Therefore, when cucumbers are grown in a solar greenhouse, they should be picked up as early as possible.
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