Black spot is a bacterial disease that mainly damages fruits, leaves, tender shoots and branches. When the young fruit is injured, tiny raised dark-brown spots appear on the surface of the fruit, and then expand and sink and turn black. There is a water-invading halo on the periphery. The fruit rots from the outside to the inside. It is often called black walnut; the leaves are sick. First, small brown spots appear at the leaf veins and the branching of the leaf veins. After expansion, the diseased spots are round or polygonal black spots. In severe cases, the diseased spots expand in pieces, forming perforations and early leaf fall; when the branch tips are infected with diseases, the diseased spots appear Oblong or irregular in shape, dark brown, slightly sunken, with diseased spots around the branches, causing dead tips and fallen leaves.
Prevention method:
1. Select disease-resistant varieties, strengthen cultivation management, and maintain the healthy growth of the tree; 2. Eliminate the source of disease. Prune immediately after picking the fruit, remove diseased branches and fruit, and take them out of the hospital to burn them; 3. Drug control. Spray 3～5 Baume Lithium Sulfur Mixture before germination to eliminate overwintering pathogens; Before leaf development, spray 1:1∶200 Bordeaux mixture to protect the tree; use 50% Daofengjing+50% Satoxfen emulsion+ Urea+water 1:1.3:5:100, or 50% parasulfite emulsion + antibiotic 401+urea+water 0.7:1:5:1000, spray once every 15 days.
Symptoms and prevention of anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease. After the fruit is damaged, brown to dark brown round or near-circular lesions appear on the peel, and the center is sunken with small black spots, showing concentric round patterns. When the air humidity is high, there are pink protrusions on the diseased spots, which makes the fruit black and rot or fall early; the diseased spots on the leaves are irregular, mostly strips, and the leaves all turn yellow in severe cases.
Prevention method:
1. Strengthen the management of orchard cultivation. Timely bury dead fruits, diseased and insect branches, and dead branches in a concentrated and deep burial or burn them, combined with pruning, and thoroughly clear the garden. Improve the ventilation and light conditions in the garden and in the crown. 2. Drug control. In the early stage of the onset, spray the Bordeaux mixture with copper sulfate + lime + water 1:1:200. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 4% Nongkang 120 liquid 600 times solution during the onset period, alternately, spray once every 15 days, and spray 2 to 3 times.
Harm and Control of Limb Moth
Limb moth is commonly known as walnut black, and it is prone to occur in suddenly wet and overgrown land. The larvae of the walnut moth mainly infest the insect channel in the green fruit skin, causing the green skin of the damaged area to turn black and the kernel to shrink and fall early.
Prevention method:
1. Strengthen orchard management. From late June to mid-August, every 2 to 3 days, pick up the fallen fruits and bury them deeply or burn them to reduce the source of insects for the next generation and the coming year. 2. Cover the tree with soil. Before adult emergence, cover the tree with 2 to 4 cm soil to prevent the adult from unearthed. 3. Drug control. Drug control during the hatching period of larvae is the key. Choose 25% dichlorbenzuron No. 3 gel suspension 2000 times solution, or 50% trichlorfon EC 1000 times solution, spray once every 15 days, spray 3 to 4 times, alternate use .
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